We're a Baker Tilly network member
Learn more
Back to top
Our advocacy work: Shortened period of review
Article

Our advocacy work: Shortened period of review

The period of review (“POR”) is an important feature of the tax system, providing taxpayers with a certainty as to their tax affairs by limiting the time during which the ATO can amend their income tax assessments, generally either two years or four years.

In August, Treasury released draft regulations that would exclude entities with “complex affairs or significant international dealings” from the shorter two-year POR that had been extended to medium businesses (aggregated turnover less than $50m) in 2020.

While the draft regulations limiting the two-year POR for certain taxpayers was foreshadowed in the original Budget announcement, the proposed regulations went beyond the stated policy by applying to small businesses (aggregated turnover of less than $10m) and individuals that already qualified before the extension.

In our response to Treasury, we recommended that the proposed changes only apply to entities that are medium businesses and not small businesses as well as making a number of other recommendations.

You can read our submission below.

You can find out more about our advocacy work on the website here

This content is general commentary only and does not constitute advice. Before making any decision or taking any action in relation to the content, you should consult your professional advisor. To the maximum extent permitted by law, neither Pitcher Partners or its affiliated entities, nor any of our employees will be liable for any loss, damage, liability or claim whatsoever suffered or incurred arising directly or indirectly out of the use or reliance on the material contained in this content. Pitcher Partners is an association of independent firms. Pitcher Partners is a member of the global network of Baker Tilly International Limited, the members of which are separate and independent legal entities. Liability limited by a scheme approved under professional standards legislation.
asdfafsdfa Nigel Fischer

Nigel Fischer

Chairman of Partners

Brisbane


View profile
asdfafsdfa Alexis Kokkinos

Alexis Kokkinos

Partner

Melbourne


View profile
asdfafsdfa Michael Minter

Michael Minter

Managing Partner

Newcastle and Hunter


View profile
asdfafsdfa Leon Mok

Leon Mok

Managing Director

Perth


View profile
asdfafsdfa Chris Ardagna

Chris Ardagna

Partner

Sydney


View profile

Pitcher Partners insights

Get the latest Pitcher Partners updates direct to your inbox

Thank you for you interest

How can we help you?

Business or personal advice
  • United States+1
  • United Kingdom+44
  • Afghanistan+93
  • Albania+355
  • Algeria+213
  • American Samoa+1
  • Andorra+376
  • Angola+244
  • Anguilla+1
  • Antigua & Barbuda+1
  • Argentina+54
  • Armenia+374
  • Aruba+297
  • Ascension Island+247
  • Australia+61
  • Austria+43
  • Azerbaijan+994
  • Bahamas+1
  • Bahrain+973
  • Bangladesh+880
  • Barbados+1
  • Belarus+375
  • Belgium+32
  • Belize+501
  • Benin+229
  • Bermuda+1
  • Bhutan+975
  • Bolivia+591
  • Bosnia & Herzegovina+387
  • Botswana+267
  • Brazil+55
  • British Indian Ocean Territory+246
  • British Virgin Islands+1
  • Brunei+673
  • Bulgaria+359
  • Burkina Faso+226
  • Burundi+257
  • Cambodia+855
  • Cameroon+237
  • Canada+1
  • Cape Verde+238
  • Caribbean Netherlands+599
  • Cayman Islands+1
  • Central African Republic+236
  • Chad+235
  • Chile+56
  • China+86
  • Christmas Island+61
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands+61
  • Colombia+57
  • Comoros+269
  • Congo - Brazzaville+242
  • Congo - Kinshasa+243
  • Cook Islands+682
  • Costa Rica+506
  • Croatia+385
  • Cuba+53
  • Curaçao+599
  • Cyprus+357
  • Czechia+420
  • Côte d’Ivoire+225
  • Denmark+45
  • Djibouti+253
  • Dominica+1
  • Dominican Republic+1
  • Ecuador+593
  • Egypt+20
  • El Salvador+503
  • Equatorial Guinea+240
  • Eritrea+291
  • Estonia+372
  • Eswatini+268
  • Ethiopia+251
  • Falkland Islands+500
  • Faroe Islands+298
  • Fiji+679
  • Finland+358
  • France+33
  • French Guiana+594
  • French Polynesia+689
  • Gabon+241
  • Gambia+220
  • Georgia+995
  • Germany+49
  • Ghana+233
  • Gibraltar+350
  • Greece+30
  • Greenland+299
  • Grenada+1
  • Guadeloupe+590
  • Guam+1
  • Guatemala+502
  • Guernsey+44
  • Guinea+224
  • Guinea-Bissau+245
  • Guyana+592
  • Haiti+509
  • Honduras+504
  • Hong Kong SAR China+852
  • Hungary+36
  • Iceland+354
  • India+91
  • Indonesia+62
  • Iran+98
  • Iraq+964
  • Ireland+353
  • Isle of Man+44
  • Israel+972
  • Italy+39
  • Jamaica+1
  • Japan+81
  • Jersey+44
  • Jordan+962
  • Kazakhstan+7
  • Kenya+254
  • Kiribati+686
  • Kosovo+383
  • Kuwait+965
  • Kyrgyzstan+996
  • Laos+856
  • Latvia+371
  • Lebanon+961
  • Lesotho+266
  • Liberia+231
  • Libya+218
  • Liechtenstein+423
  • Lithuania+370
  • Luxembourg+352
  • Macao SAR China+853
  • Madagascar+261
  • Malawi+265
  • Malaysia+60
  • Maldives+960
  • Mali+223
  • Malta+356
  • Marshall Islands+692
  • Martinique+596
  • Mauritania+222
  • Mauritius+230
  • Mayotte+262
  • Mexico+52
  • Micronesia+691
  • Moldova+373
  • Monaco+377
  • Mongolia+976
  • Montenegro+382
  • Montserrat+1
  • Morocco+212
  • Mozambique+258
  • Myanmar (Burma)+95
  • Namibia+264
  • Nauru+674
  • Nepal+977
  • Netherlands+31
  • New Caledonia+687
  • New Zealand+64
  • Nicaragua+505
  • Niger+227
  • Nigeria+234
  • Niue+683
  • Norfolk Island+672
  • North Korea+850
  • North Macedonia+389
  • Northern Mariana Islands+1
  • Norway+47
  • Oman+968
  • Pakistan+92
  • Palau+680
  • Palestinian Territories+970
  • Panama+507
  • Papua New Guinea+675
  • Paraguay+595
  • Peru+51
  • Philippines+63
  • Poland+48
  • Portugal+351
  • Puerto Rico+1
  • Qatar+974
  • Romania+40
  • Russia+7
  • Rwanda+250
  • Réunion+262
  • Samoa+685
  • San Marino+378
  • Saudi Arabia+966
  • Senegal+221
  • Serbia+381
  • Seychelles+248
  • Sierra Leone+232
  • Singapore+65
  • Sint Maarten+1
  • Slovakia+421
  • Slovenia+386
  • Solomon Islands+677
  • Somalia+252
  • South Africa+27
  • South Korea+82
  • South Sudan+211
  • Spain+34
  • Sri Lanka+94
  • St. Barthélemy+590
  • St. Helena+290
  • St. Kitts & Nevis+1
  • St. Lucia+1
  • St. Martin+590
  • St. Pierre & Miquelon+508
  • St. Vincent & Grenadines+1
  • Sudan+249
  • Suriname+597
  • Svalbard & Jan Mayen+47
  • Sweden+46
  • Switzerland+41
  • Syria+963
  • São Tomé & Príncipe+239
  • Taiwan+886
  • Tajikistan+992
  • Tanzania+255
  • Thailand+66
  • Timor-Leste+670
  • Togo+228
  • Tokelau+690
  • Tonga+676
  • Trinidad & Tobago+1
  • Tunisia+216
  • Turkey+90
  • Turkmenistan+993
  • Turks & Caicos Islands+1
  • Tuvalu+688
  • U.S. Virgin Islands+1
  • Uganda+256
  • Ukraine+380
  • United Arab Emirates+971
  • United Kingdom+44
  • United States+1
  • Uruguay+598
  • Uzbekistan+998
  • Vanuatu+678
  • Vatican City+39
  • Venezuela+58
  • Vietnam+84
  • Wallis & Futuna+681
  • Western Sahara+212
  • Yemen+967
  • Zambia+260
  • Zimbabwe+263
  • Åland Islands+358
General information
  • United States+1
  • United Kingdom+44
  • Afghanistan+93
  • Albania+355
  • Algeria+213
  • American Samoa+1
  • Andorra+376
  • Angola+244
  • Anguilla+1
  • Antigua & Barbuda+1
  • Argentina+54
  • Armenia+374
  • Aruba+297
  • Ascension Island+247
  • Australia+61
  • Austria+43
  • Azerbaijan+994
  • Bahamas+1
  • Bahrain+973
  • Bangladesh+880
  • Barbados+1
  • Belarus+375
  • Belgium+32
  • Belize+501
  • Benin+229
  • Bermuda+1
  • Bhutan+975
  • Bolivia+591
  • Bosnia & Herzegovina+387
  • Botswana+267
  • Brazil+55
  • British Indian Ocean Territory+246
  • British Virgin Islands+1
  • Brunei+673
  • Bulgaria+359
  • Burkina Faso+226
  • Burundi+257
  • Cambodia+855
  • Cameroon+237
  • Canada+1
  • Cape Verde+238
  • Caribbean Netherlands+599
  • Cayman Islands+1
  • Central African Republic+236
  • Chad+235
  • Chile+56
  • China+86
  • Christmas Island+61
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands+61
  • Colombia+57
  • Comoros+269
  • Congo - Brazzaville+242
  • Congo - Kinshasa+243
  • Cook Islands+682
  • Costa Rica+506
  • Croatia+385
  • Cuba+53
  • Curaçao+599
  • Cyprus+357
  • Czechia+420
  • Côte d’Ivoire+225
  • Denmark+45
  • Djibouti+253
  • Dominica+1
  • Dominican Republic+1
  • Ecuador+593
  • Egypt+20
  • El Salvador+503
  • Equatorial Guinea+240
  • Eritrea+291
  • Estonia+372
  • Eswatini+268
  • Ethiopia+251
  • Falkland Islands+500
  • Faroe Islands+298
  • Fiji+679
  • Finland+358
  • France+33
  • French Guiana+594
  • French Polynesia+689
  • Gabon+241
  • Gambia+220
  • Georgia+995
  • Germany+49
  • Ghana+233
  • Gibraltar+350
  • Greece+30
  • Greenland+299
  • Grenada+1
  • Guadeloupe+590
  • Guam+1
  • Guatemala+502
  • Guernsey+44
  • Guinea+224
  • Guinea-Bissau+245
  • Guyana+592
  • Haiti+509
  • Honduras+504
  • Hong Kong SAR China+852
  • Hungary+36
  • Iceland+354
  • India+91
  • Indonesia+62
  • Iran+98
  • Iraq+964
  • Ireland+353
  • Isle of Man+44
  • Israel+972
  • Italy+39
  • Jamaica+1
  • Japan+81
  • Jersey+44
  • Jordan+962
  • Kazakhstan+7
  • Kenya+254
  • Kiribati+686
  • Kosovo+383
  • Kuwait+965
  • Kyrgyzstan+996
  • Laos+856
  • Latvia+371
  • Lebanon+961
  • Lesotho+266
  • Liberia+231
  • Libya+218
  • Liechtenstein+423
  • Lithuania+370
  • Luxembourg+352
  • Macao SAR China+853
  • Madagascar+261
  • Malawi+265
  • Malaysia+60
  • Maldives+960
  • Mali+223
  • Malta+356
  • Marshall Islands+692
  • Martinique+596
  • Mauritania+222
  • Mauritius+230
  • Mayotte+262
  • Mexico+52
  • Micronesia+691
  • Moldova+373
  • Monaco+377
  • Mongolia+976
  • Montenegro+382
  • Montserrat+1
  • Morocco+212
  • Mozambique+258
  • Myanmar (Burma)+95
  • Namibia+264
  • Nauru+674
  • Nepal+977
  • Netherlands+31
  • New Caledonia+687
  • New Zealand+64
  • Nicaragua+505
  • Niger+227
  • Nigeria+234
  • Niue+683
  • Norfolk Island+672
  • North Korea+850
  • North Macedonia+389
  • Northern Mariana Islands+1
  • Norway+47
  • Oman+968
  • Pakistan+92
  • Palau+680
  • Palestinian Territories+970
  • Panama+507
  • Papua New Guinea+675
  • Paraguay+595
  • Peru+51
  • Philippines+63
  • Poland+48
  • Portugal+351
  • Puerto Rico+1
  • Qatar+974
  • Romania+40
  • Russia+7
  • Rwanda+250
  • Réunion+262
  • Samoa+685
  • San Marino+378
  • Saudi Arabia+966
  • Senegal+221
  • Serbia+381
  • Seychelles+248
  • Sierra Leone+232
  • Singapore+65
  • Sint Maarten+1
  • Slovakia+421
  • Slovenia+386
  • Solomon Islands+677
  • Somalia+252
  • South Africa+27
  • South Korea+82
  • South Sudan+211
  • Spain+34
  • Sri Lanka+94
  • St. Barthélemy+590
  • St. Helena+290
  • St. Kitts & Nevis+1
  • St. Lucia+1
  • St. Martin+590
  • St. Pierre & Miquelon+508
  • St. Vincent & Grenadines+1
  • Sudan+249
  • Suriname+597
  • Svalbard & Jan Mayen+47
  • Sweden+46
  • Switzerland+41
  • Syria+963
  • São Tomé & Príncipe+239
  • Taiwan+886
  • Tajikistan+992
  • Tanzania+255
  • Thailand+66
  • Timor-Leste+670
  • Togo+228
  • Tokelau+690
  • Tonga+676
  • Trinidad & Tobago+1
  • Tunisia+216
  • Turkey+90
  • Turkmenistan+993
  • Turks & Caicos Islands+1
  • Tuvalu+688
  • U.S. Virgin Islands+1
  • Uganda+256
  • Ukraine+380
  • United Arab Emirates+971
  • United Kingdom+44
  • United States+1
  • Uruguay+598
  • Uzbekistan+998
  • Vanuatu+678
  • Vatican City+39
  • Venezuela+58
  • Vietnam+84
  • Wallis & Futuna+681
  • Western Sahara+212
  • Yemen+967
  • Zambia+260
  • Zimbabwe+263
  • Åland Islands+358
Career information
  • United States+1
  • United Kingdom+44
  • Afghanistan+93
  • Albania+355
  • Algeria+213
  • American Samoa+1
  • Andorra+376
  • Angola+244
  • Anguilla+1
  • Antigua & Barbuda+1
  • Argentina+54
  • Armenia+374
  • Aruba+297
  • Ascension Island+247
  • Australia+61
  • Austria+43
  • Azerbaijan+994
  • Bahamas+1
  • Bahrain+973
  • Bangladesh+880
  • Barbados+1
  • Belarus+375
  • Belgium+32
  • Belize+501
  • Benin+229
  • Bermuda+1
  • Bhutan+975
  • Bolivia+591
  • Bosnia & Herzegovina+387
  • Botswana+267
  • Brazil+55
  • British Indian Ocean Territory+246
  • British Virgin Islands+1
  • Brunei+673
  • Bulgaria+359
  • Burkina Faso+226
  • Burundi+257
  • Cambodia+855
  • Cameroon+237
  • Canada+1
  • Cape Verde+238
  • Caribbean Netherlands+599
  • Cayman Islands+1
  • Central African Republic+236
  • Chad+235
  • Chile+56
  • China+86
  • Christmas Island+61
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands+61
  • Colombia+57
  • Comoros+269
  • Congo - Brazzaville+242
  • Congo - Kinshasa+243
  • Cook Islands+682
  • Costa Rica+506
  • Croatia+385
  • Cuba+53
  • Curaçao+599
  • Cyprus+357
  • Czechia+420
  • Côte d’Ivoire+225
  • Denmark+45
  • Djibouti+253
  • Dominica+1
  • Dominican Republic+1
  • Ecuador+593
  • Egypt+20
  • El Salvador+503
  • Equatorial Guinea+240
  • Eritrea+291
  • Estonia+372
  • Eswatini+268
  • Ethiopia+251
  • Falkland Islands+500
  • Faroe Islands+298
  • Fiji+679
  • Finland+358
  • France+33
  • French Guiana+594
  • French Polynesia+689
  • Gabon+241
  • Gambia+220
  • Georgia+995
  • Germany+49
  • Ghana+233
  • Gibraltar+350
  • Greece+30
  • Greenland+299
  • Grenada+1
  • Guadeloupe+590
  • Guam+1
  • Guatemala+502
  • Guernsey+44
  • Guinea+224
  • Guinea-Bissau+245
  • Guyana+592
  • Haiti+509
  • Honduras+504
  • Hong Kong SAR China+852
  • Hungary+36
  • Iceland+354
  • India+91
  • Indonesia+62
  • Iran+98
  • Iraq+964
  • Ireland+353
  • Isle of Man+44
  • Israel+972
  • Italy+39
  • Jamaica+1
  • Japan+81
  • Jersey+44
  • Jordan+962
  • Kazakhstan+7
  • Kenya+254
  • Kiribati+686
  • Kosovo+383
  • Kuwait+965
  • Kyrgyzstan+996
  • Laos+856
  • Latvia+371
  • Lebanon+961
  • Lesotho+266
  • Liberia+231
  • Libya+218
  • Liechtenstein+423
  • Lithuania+370
  • Luxembourg+352
  • Macao SAR China+853
  • Madagascar+261
  • Malawi+265
  • Malaysia+60
  • Maldives+960
  • Mali+223
  • Malta+356
  • Marshall Islands+692
  • Martinique+596
  • Mauritania+222
  • Mauritius+230
  • Mayotte+262
  • Mexico+52
  • Micronesia+691
  • Moldova+373
  • Monaco+377
  • Mongolia+976
  • Montenegro+382
  • Montserrat+1
  • Morocco+212
  • Mozambique+258
  • Myanmar (Burma)+95
  • Namibia+264
  • Nauru+674
  • Nepal+977
  • Netherlands+31
  • New Caledonia+687
  • New Zealand+64
  • Nicaragua+505
  • Niger+227
  • Nigeria+234
  • Niue+683
  • Norfolk Island+672
  • North Korea+850
  • North Macedonia+389
  • Northern Mariana Islands+1
  • Norway+47
  • Oman+968
  • Pakistan+92
  • Palau+680
  • Palestinian Territories+970
  • Panama+507
  • Papua New Guinea+675
  • Paraguay+595
  • Peru+51
  • Philippines+63
  • Poland+48
  • Portugal+351
  • Puerto Rico+1
  • Qatar+974
  • Romania+40
  • Russia+7
  • Rwanda+250
  • Réunion+262
  • Samoa+685
  • San Marino+378
  • Saudi Arabia+966
  • Senegal+221
  • Serbia+381
  • Seychelles+248
  • Sierra Leone+232
  • Singapore+65
  • Sint Maarten+1
  • Slovakia+421
  • Slovenia+386
  • Solomon Islands+677
  • Somalia+252
  • South Africa+27
  • South Korea+82
  • South Sudan+211
  • Spain+34
  • Sri Lanka+94
  • St. Barthélemy+590
  • St. Helena+290
  • St. Kitts & Nevis+1
  • St. Lucia+1
  • St. Martin+590
  • St. Pierre & Miquelon+508
  • St. Vincent & Grenadines+1
  • Sudan+249
  • Suriname+597
  • Svalbard & Jan Mayen+47
  • Sweden+46
  • Switzerland+41
  • Syria+963
  • São Tomé & Príncipe+239
  • Taiwan+886
  • Tajikistan+992
  • Tanzania+255
  • Thailand+66
  • Timor-Leste+670
  • Togo+228
  • Tokelau+690
  • Tonga+676
  • Trinidad & Tobago+1
  • Tunisia+216
  • Turkey+90
  • Turkmenistan+993
  • Turks & Caicos Islands+1
  • Tuvalu+688
  • U.S. Virgin Islands+1
  • Uganda+256
  • Ukraine+380
  • United Arab Emirates+971
  • United Kingdom+44
  • United States+1
  • Uruguay+598
  • Uzbekistan+998
  • Vanuatu+678
  • Vatican City+39
  • Venezuela+58
  • Vietnam+84
  • Wallis & Futuna+681
  • Western Sahara+212
  • Yemen+967
  • Zambia+260
  • Zimbabwe+263
  • Åland Islands+358
Media enquiries
  • United States+1
  • United Kingdom+44
  • Afghanistan+93
  • Albania+355
  • Algeria+213
  • American Samoa+1
  • Andorra+376
  • Angola+244
  • Anguilla+1
  • Antigua & Barbuda+1
  • Argentina+54
  • Armenia+374
  • Aruba+297
  • Ascension Island+247
  • Australia+61
  • Austria+43
  • Azerbaijan+994
  • Bahamas+1
  • Bahrain+973
  • Bangladesh+880
  • Barbados+1
  • Belarus+375
  • Belgium+32
  • Belize+501
  • Benin+229
  • Bermuda+1
  • Bhutan+975
  • Bolivia+591
  • Bosnia & Herzegovina+387
  • Botswana+267
  • Brazil+55
  • British Indian Ocean Territory+246
  • British Virgin Islands+1
  • Brunei+673
  • Bulgaria+359
  • Burkina Faso+226
  • Burundi+257
  • Cambodia+855
  • Cameroon+237
  • Canada+1
  • Cape Verde+238
  • Caribbean Netherlands+599
  • Cayman Islands+1
  • Central African Republic+236
  • Chad+235
  • Chile+56
  • China+86
  • Christmas Island+61
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands+61
  • Colombia+57
  • Comoros+269
  • Congo - Brazzaville+242
  • Congo - Kinshasa+243
  • Cook Islands+682
  • Costa Rica+506
  • Croatia+385
  • Cuba+53
  • Curaçao+599
  • Cyprus+357
  • Czechia+420
  • Côte d’Ivoire+225
  • Denmark+45
  • Djibouti+253
  • Dominica+1
  • Dominican Republic+1
  • Ecuador+593
  • Egypt+20
  • El Salvador+503
  • Equatorial Guinea+240
  • Eritrea+291
  • Estonia+372
  • Eswatini+268
  • Ethiopia+251
  • Falkland Islands+500
  • Faroe Islands+298
  • Fiji+679
  • Finland+358
  • France+33
  • French Guiana+594
  • French Polynesia+689
  • Gabon+241
  • Gambia+220
  • Georgia+995
  • Germany+49
  • Ghana+233
  • Gibraltar+350
  • Greece+30
  • Greenland+299
  • Grenada+1
  • Guadeloupe+590
  • Guam+1
  • Guatemala+502
  • Guernsey+44
  • Guinea+224
  • Guinea-Bissau+245
  • Guyana+592
  • Haiti+509
  • Honduras+504
  • Hong Kong SAR China+852
  • Hungary+36
  • Iceland+354
  • India+91
  • Indonesia+62
  • Iran+98
  • Iraq+964
  • Ireland+353
  • Isle of Man+44
  • Israel+972
  • Italy+39
  • Jamaica+1
  • Japan+81
  • Jersey+44
  • Jordan+962
  • Kazakhstan+7
  • Kenya+254
  • Kiribati+686
  • Kosovo+383
  • Kuwait+965
  • Kyrgyzstan+996
  • Laos+856
  • Latvia+371
  • Lebanon+961
  • Lesotho+266
  • Liberia+231
  • Libya+218
  • Liechtenstein+423
  • Lithuania+370
  • Luxembourg+352
  • Macao SAR China+853
  • Madagascar+261
  • Malawi+265
  • Malaysia+60
  • Maldives+960
  • Mali+223
  • Malta+356
  • Marshall Islands+692
  • Martinique+596
  • Mauritania+222
  • Mauritius+230
  • Mayotte+262
  • Mexico+52
  • Micronesia+691
  • Moldova+373
  • Monaco+377
  • Mongolia+976
  • Montenegro+382
  • Montserrat+1
  • Morocco+212
  • Mozambique+258
  • Myanmar (Burma)+95
  • Namibia+264
  • Nauru+674
  • Nepal+977
  • Netherlands+31
  • New Caledonia+687
  • New Zealand+64
  • Nicaragua+505
  • Niger+227
  • Nigeria+234
  • Niue+683
  • Norfolk Island+672
  • North Korea+850
  • North Macedonia+389
  • Northern Mariana Islands+1
  • Norway+47
  • Oman+968
  • Pakistan+92
  • Palau+680
  • Palestinian Territories+970
  • Panama+507
  • Papua New Guinea+675
  • Paraguay+595
  • Peru+51
  • Philippines+63
  • Poland+48
  • Portugal+351
  • Puerto Rico+1
  • Qatar+974
  • Romania+40
  • Russia+7
  • Rwanda+250
  • Réunion+262
  • Samoa+685
  • San Marino+378
  • Saudi Arabia+966
  • Senegal+221
  • Serbia+381
  • Seychelles+248
  • Sierra Leone+232
  • Singapore+65
  • Sint Maarten+1
  • Slovakia+421
  • Slovenia+386
  • Solomon Islands+677
  • Somalia+252
  • South Africa+27
  • South Korea+82
  • South Sudan+211
  • Spain+34
  • Sri Lanka+94
  • St. Barthélemy+590
  • St. Helena+290
  • St. Kitts & Nevis+1
  • St. Lucia+1
  • St. Martin+590
  • St. Pierre & Miquelon+508
  • St. Vincent & Grenadines+1
  • Sudan+249
  • Suriname+597
  • Svalbard & Jan Mayen+47
  • Sweden+46
  • Switzerland+41
  • Syria+963
  • São Tomé & Príncipe+239
  • Taiwan+886
  • Tajikistan+992
  • Tanzania+255
  • Thailand+66
  • Timor-Leste+670
  • Togo+228
  • Tokelau+690
  • Tonga+676
  • Trinidad & Tobago+1
  • Tunisia+216
  • Turkey+90
  • Turkmenistan+993
  • Turks & Caicos Islands+1
  • Tuvalu+688
  • U.S. Virgin Islands+1
  • Uganda+256
  • Ukraine+380
  • United Arab Emirates+971
  • United Kingdom+44
  • United States+1
  • Uruguay+598
  • Uzbekistan+998
  • Vanuatu+678
  • Vatican City+39
  • Venezuela+58
  • Vietnam+84
  • Wallis & Futuna+681
  • Western Sahara+212
  • Yemen+967
  • Zambia+260
  • Zimbabwe+263
  • Åland Islands+358
Contact expert
  • United States+1
  • United Kingdom+44
  • Afghanistan+93
  • Albania+355
  • Algeria+213
  • American Samoa+1
  • Andorra+376
  • Angola+244
  • Anguilla+1
  • Antigua & Barbuda+1
  • Argentina+54
  • Armenia+374
  • Aruba+297
  • Ascension Island+247
  • Australia+61
  • Austria+43
  • Azerbaijan+994
  • Bahamas+1
  • Bahrain+973
  • Bangladesh+880
  • Barbados+1
  • Belarus+375
  • Belgium+32
  • Belize+501
  • Benin+229
  • Bermuda+1
  • Bhutan+975
  • Bolivia+591
  • Bosnia & Herzegovina+387
  • Botswana+267
  • Brazil+55
  • British Indian Ocean Territory+246
  • British Virgin Islands+1
  • Brunei+673
  • Bulgaria+359
  • Burkina Faso+226
  • Burundi+257
  • Cambodia+855
  • Cameroon+237
  • Canada+1
  • Cape Verde+238
  • Caribbean Netherlands+599
  • Cayman Islands+1
  • Central African Republic+236
  • Chad+235
  • Chile+56
  • China+86
  • Christmas Island+61
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands+61
  • Colombia+57
  • Comoros+269
  • Congo - Brazzaville+242
  • Congo - Kinshasa+243
  • Cook Islands+682
  • Costa Rica+506
  • Croatia+385
  • Cuba+53
  • Curaçao+599
  • Cyprus+357
  • Czechia+420
  • Côte d’Ivoire+225
  • Denmark+45
  • Djibouti+253
  • Dominica+1
  • Dominican Republic+1
  • Ecuador+593
  • Egypt+20
  • El Salvador+503
  • Equatorial Guinea+240
  • Eritrea+291
  • Estonia+372
  • Eswatini+268
  • Ethiopia+251
  • Falkland Islands+500
  • Faroe Islands+298
  • Fiji+679
  • Finland+358
  • France+33
  • French Guiana+594
  • French Polynesia+689
  • Gabon+241
  • Gambia+220
  • Georgia+995
  • Germany+49
  • Ghana+233
  • Gibraltar+350
  • Greece+30
  • Greenland+299
  • Grenada+1
  • Guadeloupe+590
  • Guam+1
  • Guatemala+502
  • Guernsey+44
  • Guinea+224
  • Guinea-Bissau+245
  • Guyana+592
  • Haiti+509
  • Honduras+504
  • Hong Kong SAR China+852
  • Hungary+36
  • Iceland+354
  • India+91
  • Indonesia+62
  • Iran+98
  • Iraq+964
  • Ireland+353
  • Isle of Man+44
  • Israel+972
  • Italy+39
  • Jamaica+1
  • Japan+81
  • Jersey+44
  • Jordan+962
  • Kazakhstan+7
  • Kenya+254
  • Kiribati+686
  • Kosovo+383
  • Kuwait+965
  • Kyrgyzstan+996
  • Laos+856
  • Latvia+371
  • Lebanon+961
  • Lesotho+266
  • Liberia+231
  • Libya+218
  • Liechtenstein+423
  • Lithuania+370
  • Luxembourg+352
  • Macao SAR China+853
  • Madagascar+261
  • Malawi+265
  • Malaysia+60
  • Maldives+960
  • Mali+223
  • Malta+356
  • Marshall Islands+692
  • Martinique+596
  • Mauritania+222
  • Mauritius+230
  • Mayotte+262
  • Mexico+52
  • Micronesia+691
  • Moldova+373
  • Monaco+377
  • Mongolia+976
  • Montenegro+382
  • Montserrat+1
  • Morocco+212
  • Mozambique+258
  • Myanmar (Burma)+95
  • Namibia+264
  • Nauru+674
  • Nepal+977
  • Netherlands+31
  • New Caledonia+687
  • New Zealand+64
  • Nicaragua+505
  • Niger+227
  • Nigeria+234
  • Niue+683
  • Norfolk Island+672
  • North Korea+850
  • North Macedonia+389
  • Northern Mariana Islands+1
  • Norway+47
  • Oman+968
  • Pakistan+92
  • Palau+680
  • Palestinian Territories+970
  • Panama+507
  • Papua New Guinea+675
  • Paraguay+595
  • Peru+51
  • Philippines+63
  • Poland+48
  • Portugal+351
  • Puerto Rico+1
  • Qatar+974
  • Romania+40
  • Russia+7
  • Rwanda+250
  • Réunion+262
  • Samoa+685
  • San Marino+378
  • Saudi Arabia+966
  • Senegal+221
  • Serbia+381
  • Seychelles+248
  • Sierra Leone+232
  • Singapore+65
  • Sint Maarten+1
  • Slovakia+421
  • Slovenia+386
  • Solomon Islands+677
  • Somalia+252
  • South Africa+27
  • South Korea+82
  • South Sudan+211
  • Spain+34
  • Sri Lanka+94
  • St. Barthélemy+590
  • St. Helena+290
  • St. Kitts & Nevis+1
  • St. Lucia+1
  • St. Martin+590
  • St. Pierre & Miquelon+508
  • St. Vincent & Grenadines+1
  • Sudan+249
  • Suriname+597
  • Svalbard & Jan Mayen+47
  • Sweden+46
  • Switzerland+41
  • Syria+963
  • São Tomé & Príncipe+239
  • Taiwan+886
  • Tajikistan+992
  • Tanzania+255
  • Thailand+66
  • Timor-Leste+670
  • Togo+228
  • Tokelau+690
  • Tonga+676
  • Trinidad & Tobago+1
  • Tunisia+216
  • Turkey+90
  • Turkmenistan+993
  • Turks & Caicos Islands+1
  • Tuvalu+688
  • U.S. Virgin Islands+1
  • Uganda+256
  • Ukraine+380
  • United Arab Emirates+971
  • United Kingdom+44
  • United States+1
  • Uruguay+598
  • Uzbekistan+998
  • Vanuatu+678
  • Vatican City+39
  • Venezuela+58
  • Vietnam+84
  • Wallis & Futuna+681
  • Western Sahara+212
  • Yemen+967
  • Zambia+260
  • Zimbabwe+263
  • Åland Islands+358
Become a member
  • United States+1
  • United Kingdom+44
  • Afghanistan+93
  • Albania+355
  • Algeria+213
  • American Samoa+1
  • Andorra+376
  • Angola+244
  • Anguilla+1
  • Antigua & Barbuda+1
  • Argentina+54
  • Armenia+374
  • Aruba+297
  • Ascension Island+247
  • Australia+61
  • Austria+43
  • Azerbaijan+994
  • Bahamas+1
  • Bahrain+973
  • Bangladesh+880
  • Barbados+1
  • Belarus+375
  • Belgium+32
  • Belize+501
  • Benin+229
  • Bermuda+1
  • Bhutan+975
  • Bolivia+591
  • Bosnia & Herzegovina+387
  • Botswana+267
  • Brazil+55
  • British Indian Ocean Territory+246
  • British Virgin Islands+1
  • Brunei+673
  • Bulgaria+359
  • Burkina Faso+226
  • Burundi+257
  • Cambodia+855
  • Cameroon+237
  • Canada+1
  • Cape Verde+238
  • Caribbean Netherlands+599
  • Cayman Islands+1
  • Central African Republic+236
  • Chad+235
  • Chile+56
  • China+86
  • Christmas Island+61
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands+61
  • Colombia+57
  • Comoros+269
  • Congo - Brazzaville+242
  • Congo - Kinshasa+243
  • Cook Islands+682
  • Costa Rica+506
  • Croatia+385
  • Cuba+53
  • Curaçao+599
  • Cyprus+357
  • Czechia+420
  • Côte d’Ivoire+225
  • Denmark+45
  • Djibouti+253
  • Dominica+1
  • Dominican Republic+1
  • Ecuador+593
  • Egypt+20
  • El Salvador+503
  • Equatorial Guinea+240
  • Eritrea+291
  • Estonia+372
  • Eswatini+268
  • Ethiopia+251
  • Falkland Islands+500
  • Faroe Islands+298
  • Fiji+679
  • Finland+358
  • France+33
  • French Guiana+594
  • French Polynesia+689
  • Gabon+241
  • Gambia+220
  • Georgia+995
  • Germany+49
  • Ghana+233
  • Gibraltar+350
  • Greece+30
  • Greenland+299
  • Grenada+1
  • Guadeloupe+590
  • Guam+1
  • Guatemala+502
  • Guernsey+44
  • Guinea+224
  • Guinea-Bissau+245
  • Guyana+592
  • Haiti+509
  • Honduras+504
  • Hong Kong SAR China+852
  • Hungary+36
  • Iceland+354
  • India+91
  • Indonesia+62
  • Iran+98
  • Iraq+964
  • Ireland+353
  • Isle of Man+44
  • Israel+972
  • Italy+39
  • Jamaica+1
  • Japan+81
  • Jersey+44
  • Jordan+962
  • Kazakhstan+7
  • Kenya+254
  • Kiribati+686
  • Kosovo+383
  • Kuwait+965
  • Kyrgyzstan+996
  • Laos+856
  • Latvia+371
  • Lebanon+961
  • Lesotho+266
  • Liberia+231
  • Libya+218
  • Liechtenstein+423
  • Lithuania+370
  • Luxembourg+352
  • Macao SAR China+853
  • Madagascar+261
  • Malawi+265
  • Malaysia+60
  • Maldives+960
  • Mali+223
  • Malta+356
  • Marshall Islands+692
  • Martinique+596
  • Mauritania+222
  • Mauritius+230
  • Mayotte+262
  • Mexico+52
  • Micronesia+691
  • Moldova+373
  • Monaco+377
  • Mongolia+976
  • Montenegro+382
  • Montserrat+1
  • Morocco+212
  • Mozambique+258
  • Myanmar (Burma)+95
  • Namibia+264
  • Nauru+674
  • Nepal+977
  • Netherlands+31
  • New Caledonia+687
  • New Zealand+64
  • Nicaragua+505
  • Niger+227
  • Nigeria+234
  • Niue+683
  • Norfolk Island+672
  • North Korea+850
  • North Macedonia+389
  • Northern Mariana Islands+1
  • Norway+47
  • Oman+968
  • Pakistan+92
  • Palau+680
  • Palestinian Territories+970
  • Panama+507
  • Papua New Guinea+675
  • Paraguay+595
  • Peru+51
  • Philippines+63
  • Poland+48
  • Portugal+351
  • Puerto Rico+1
  • Qatar+974
  • Romania+40
  • Russia+7
  • Rwanda+250
  • Réunion+262
  • Samoa+685
  • San Marino+378
  • Saudi Arabia+966
  • Senegal+221
  • Serbia+381
  • Seychelles+248
  • Sierra Leone+232
  • Singapore+65
  • Sint Maarten+1
  • Slovakia+421
  • Slovenia+386
  • Solomon Islands+677
  • Somalia+252
  • South Africa+27
  • South Korea+82
  • South Sudan+211
  • Spain+34
  • Sri Lanka+94
  • St. Barthélemy+590
  • St. Helena+290
  • St. Kitts & Nevis+1
  • St. Lucia+1
  • St. Martin+590
  • St. Pierre & Miquelon+508
  • St. Vincent & Grenadines+1
  • Sudan+249
  • Suriname+597
  • Svalbard & Jan Mayen+47
  • Sweden+46
  • Switzerland+41
  • Syria+963
  • São Tomé & Príncipe+239
  • Taiwan+886
  • Tajikistan+992
  • Tanzania+255
  • Thailand+66
  • Timor-Leste+670
  • Togo+228
  • Tokelau+690
  • Tonga+676
  • Trinidad & Tobago+1
  • Tunisia+216
  • Turkey+90
  • Turkmenistan+993
  • Turks & Caicos Islands+1
  • Tuvalu+688
  • U.S. Virgin Islands+1
  • Uganda+256
  • Ukraine+380
  • United Arab Emirates+971
  • United Kingdom+44
  • United States+1
  • Uruguay+598
  • Uzbekistan+998
  • Vanuatu+678
  • Vatican City+39
  • Venezuela+58
  • Vietnam+84
  • Wallis & Futuna+681
  • Western Sahara+212
  • Yemen+967
  • Zambia+260
  • Zimbabwe+263
  • Åland Islands+358
  • United States+1
  • United Kingdom+44
  • Afghanistan+93
  • Albania+355
  • Algeria+213
  • American Samoa+1
  • Andorra+376
  • Angola+244
  • Anguilla+1
  • Antigua & Barbuda+1
  • Argentina+54
  • Armenia+374
  • Aruba+297
  • Ascension Island+247
  • Australia+61
  • Austria+43
  • Azerbaijan+994
  • Bahamas+1
  • Bahrain+973
  • Bangladesh+880
  • Barbados+1
  • Belarus+375
  • Belgium+32
  • Belize+501
  • Benin+229
  • Bermuda+1
  • Bhutan+975
  • Bolivia+591
  • Bosnia & Herzegovina+387
  • Botswana+267
  • Brazil+55
  • British Indian Ocean Territory+246
  • British Virgin Islands+1
  • Brunei+673
  • Bulgaria+359
  • Burkina Faso+226
  • Burundi+257
  • Cambodia+855
  • Cameroon+237
  • Canada+1
  • Cape Verde+238
  • Caribbean Netherlands+599
  • Cayman Islands+1
  • Central African Republic+236
  • Chad+235
  • Chile+56
  • China+86
  • Christmas Island+61
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands+61
  • Colombia+57
  • Comoros+269
  • Congo - Brazzaville+242
  • Congo - Kinshasa+243
  • Cook Islands+682
  • Costa Rica+506
  • Croatia+385
  • Cuba+53
  • Curaçao+599
  • Cyprus+357
  • Czechia+420
  • Côte d’Ivoire+225
  • Denmark+45
  • Djibouti+253
  • Dominica+1
  • Dominican Republic+1
  • Ecuador+593
  • Egypt+20
  • El Salvador+503
  • Equatorial Guinea+240
  • Eritrea+291
  • Estonia+372
  • Eswatini+268
  • Ethiopia+251
  • Falkland Islands+500
  • Faroe Islands+298
  • Fiji+679
  • Finland+358
  • France+33
  • French Guiana+594
  • French Polynesia+689
  • Gabon+241
  • Gambia+220
  • Georgia+995
  • Germany+49
  • Ghana+233
  • Gibraltar+350
  • Greece+30
  • Greenland+299
  • Grenada+1
  • Guadeloupe+590
  • Guam+1
  • Guatemala+502
  • Guernsey+44
  • Guinea+224
  • Guinea-Bissau+245
  • Guyana+592
  • Haiti+509
  • Honduras+504
  • Hong Kong SAR China+852
  • Hungary+36
  • Iceland+354
  • India+91
  • Indonesia+62
  • Iran+98
  • Iraq+964
  • Ireland+353
  • Isle of Man+44
  • Israel+972
  • Italy+39
  • Jamaica+1
  • Japan+81
  • Jersey+44
  • Jordan+962
  • Kazakhstan+7
  • Kenya+254
  • Kiribati+686
  • Kosovo+383
  • Kuwait+965
  • Kyrgyzstan+996
  • Laos+856
  • Latvia+371
  • Lebanon+961
  • Lesotho+266
  • Liberia+231
  • Libya+218
  • Liechtenstein+423
  • Lithuania+370
  • Luxembourg+352
  • Macao SAR China+853
  • Madagascar+261
  • Malawi+265
  • Malaysia+60
  • Maldives+960
  • Mali+223
  • Malta+356
  • Marshall Islands+692
  • Martinique+596
  • Mauritania+222
  • Mauritius+230
  • Mayotte+262
  • Mexico+52
  • Micronesia+691
  • Moldova+373
  • Monaco+377
  • Mongolia+976
  • Montenegro+382
  • Montserrat+1
  • Morocco+212
  • Mozambique+258
  • Myanmar (Burma)+95
  • Namibia+264
  • Nauru+674
  • Nepal+977
  • Netherlands+31
  • New Caledonia+687
  • New Zealand+64
  • Nicaragua+505
  • Niger+227
  • Nigeria+234
  • Niue+683
  • Norfolk Island+672
  • North Korea+850
  • North Macedonia+389
  • Northern Mariana Islands+1
  • Norway+47
  • Oman+968
  • Pakistan+92
  • Palau+680
  • Palestinian Territories+970
  • Panama+507
  • Papua New Guinea+675
  • Paraguay+595
  • Peru+51
  • Philippines+63
  • Poland+48
  • Portugal+351
  • Puerto Rico+1
  • Qatar+974
  • Romania+40
  • Russia+7
  • Rwanda+250
  • Réunion+262
  • Samoa+685
  • San Marino+378
  • Saudi Arabia+966
  • Senegal+221
  • Serbia+381
  • Seychelles+248
  • Sierra Leone+232
  • Singapore+65
  • Sint Maarten+1
  • Slovakia+421
  • Slovenia+386
  • Solomon Islands+677
  • Somalia+252
  • South Africa+27
  • South Korea+82
  • South Sudan+211
  • Spain+34
  • Sri Lanka+94
  • St. Barthélemy+590
  • St. Helena+290
  • St. Kitts & Nevis+1
  • St. Lucia+1
  • St. Martin+590
  • St. Pierre & Miquelon+508
  • St. Vincent & Grenadines+1
  • Sudan+249
  • Suriname+597
  • Svalbard & Jan Mayen+47
  • Sweden+46
  • Switzerland+41
  • Syria+963
  • São Tomé & Príncipe+239
  • Taiwan+886
  • Tajikistan+992
  • Tanzania+255
  • Thailand+66
  • Timor-Leste+670
  • Togo+228
  • Tokelau+690
  • Tonga+676
  • Trinidad & Tobago+1
  • Tunisia+216
  • Turkey+90
  • Turkmenistan+993
  • Turks & Caicos Islands+1
  • Tuvalu+688
  • U.S. Virgin Islands+1
  • Uganda+256
  • Ukraine+380
  • United Arab Emirates+971
  • United Kingdom+44
  • United States+1
  • Uruguay+598
  • Uzbekistan+998
  • Vanuatu+678
  • Vatican City+39
  • Venezuela+58
  • Vietnam+84
  • Wallis & Futuna+681
  • Western Sahara+212
  • Yemen+967
  • Zambia+260
  • Zimbabwe+263
  • Åland Islands+358
Specialist query
  • United States+1
  • United Kingdom+44
  • Afghanistan+93
  • Albania+355
  • Algeria+213
  • American Samoa+1
  • Andorra+376
  • Angola+244
  • Anguilla+1
  • Antigua & Barbuda+1
  • Argentina+54
  • Armenia+374
  • Aruba+297
  • Ascension Island+247
  • Australia+61
  • Austria+43
  • Azerbaijan+994
  • Bahamas+1
  • Bahrain+973
  • Bangladesh+880
  • Barbados+1
  • Belarus+375
  • Belgium+32
  • Belize+501
  • Benin+229
  • Bermuda+1
  • Bhutan+975
  • Bolivia+591
  • Bosnia & Herzegovina+387
  • Botswana+267
  • Brazil+55
  • British Indian Ocean Territory+246
  • British Virgin Islands+1
  • Brunei+673
  • Bulgaria+359
  • Burkina Faso+226
  • Burundi+257
  • Cambodia+855
  • Cameroon+237
  • Canada+1
  • Cape Verde+238
  • Caribbean Netherlands+599
  • Cayman Islands+1
  • Central African Republic+236
  • Chad+235
  • Chile+56
  • China+86
  • Christmas Island+61
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands+61
  • Colombia+57
  • Comoros+269
  • Congo - Brazzaville+242
  • Congo - Kinshasa+243
  • Cook Islands+682
  • Costa Rica+506
  • Croatia+385
  • Cuba+53
  • Curaçao+599
  • Cyprus+357
  • Czechia+420
  • Côte d’Ivoire+225
  • Denmark+45
  • Djibouti+253
  • Dominica+1
  • Dominican Republic+1
  • Ecuador+593
  • Egypt+20
  • El Salvador+503
  • Equatorial Guinea+240
  • Eritrea+291
  • Estonia+372
  • Eswatini+268
  • Ethiopia+251
  • Falkland Islands+500
  • Faroe Islands+298
  • Fiji+679
  • Finland+358
  • France+33
  • French Guiana+594
  • French Polynesia+689
  • Gabon+241
  • Gambia+220
  • Georgia+995
  • Germany+49
  • Ghana+233
  • Gibraltar+350
  • Greece+30
  • Greenland+299
  • Grenada+1
  • Guadeloupe+590
  • Guam+1
  • Guatemala+502
  • Guernsey+44
  • Guinea+224
  • Guinea-Bissau+245
  • Guyana+592
  • Haiti+509
  • Honduras+504
  • Hong Kong SAR China+852
  • Hungary+36
  • Iceland+354
  • India+91
  • Indonesia+62
  • Iran+98
  • Iraq+964
  • Ireland+353
  • Isle of Man+44
  • Israel+972
  • Italy+39
  • Jamaica+1
  • Japan+81
  • Jersey+44
  • Jordan+962
  • Kazakhstan+7
  • Kenya+254
  • Kiribati+686
  • Kosovo+383
  • Kuwait+965
  • Kyrgyzstan+996
  • Laos+856
  • Latvia+371
  • Lebanon+961
  • Lesotho+266
  • Liberia+231
  • Libya+218
  • Liechtenstein+423
  • Lithuania+370
  • Luxembourg+352
  • Macao SAR China+853
  • Madagascar+261
  • Malawi+265
  • Malaysia+60
  • Maldives+960
  • Mali+223
  • Malta+356
  • Marshall Islands+692
  • Martinique+596
  • Mauritania+222
  • Mauritius+230
  • Mayotte+262
  • Mexico+52
  • Micronesia+691
  • Moldova+373
  • Monaco+377
  • Mongolia+976
  • Montenegro+382
  • Montserrat+1
  • Morocco+212
  • Mozambique+258
  • Myanmar (Burma)+95
  • Namibia+264
  • Nauru+674
  • Nepal+977
  • Netherlands+31
  • New Caledonia+687
  • New Zealand+64
  • Nicaragua+505
  • Niger+227
  • Nigeria+234
  • Niue+683
  • Norfolk Island+672
  • North Korea+850
  • North Macedonia+389
  • Northern Mariana Islands+1
  • Norway+47
  • Oman+968
  • Pakistan+92
  • Palau+680
  • Palestinian Territories+970
  • Panama+507
  • Papua New Guinea+675
  • Paraguay+595
  • Peru+51
  • Philippines+63
  • Poland+48
  • Portugal+351
  • Puerto Rico+1
  • Qatar+974
  • Romania+40
  • Russia+7
  • Rwanda+250
  • Réunion+262
  • Samoa+685
  • San Marino+378
  • Saudi Arabia+966
  • Senegal+221
  • Serbia+381
  • Seychelles+248
  • Sierra Leone+232
  • Singapore+65
  • Sint Maarten+1
  • Slovakia+421
  • Slovenia+386
  • Solomon Islands+677
  • Somalia+252
  • South Africa+27
  • South Korea+82
  • South Sudan+211
  • Spain+34
  • Sri Lanka+94
  • St. Barthélemy+590
  • St. Helena+290
  • St. Kitts & Nevis+1
  • St. Lucia+1
  • St. Martin+590
  • St. Pierre & Miquelon+508
  • St. Vincent & Grenadines+1
  • Sudan+249
  • Suriname+597
  • Svalbard & Jan Mayen+47
  • Sweden+46
  • Switzerland+41
  • Syria+963
  • São Tomé & Príncipe+239
  • Taiwan+886
  • Tajikistan+992
  • Tanzania+255
  • Thailand+66
  • Timor-Leste+670
  • Togo+228
  • Tokelau+690
  • Tonga+676
  • Trinidad & Tobago+1
  • Tunisia+216
  • Turkey+90
  • Turkmenistan+993
  • Turks & Caicos Islands+1
  • Tuvalu+688
  • U.S. Virgin Islands+1
  • Uganda+256
  • Ukraine+380
  • United Arab Emirates+971
  • United Kingdom+44
  • United States+1
  • Uruguay+598
  • Uzbekistan+998
  • Vanuatu+678
  • Vatican City+39
  • Venezuela+58
  • Vietnam+84
  • Wallis & Futuna+681
  • Western Sahara+212
  • Yemen+967
  • Zambia+260
  • Zimbabwe+263
  • Åland Islands+358
Please provide as much detail to ensure appropriate allocation of your query
Please highlight a realistic time frame that will enable us to provide advice within a suitable and timely manner. Please note given conflicting demands with our senior personnel, we will endeavour to respond to you within the nominated time frame. If you require an urgent response, please contact us on 03 8610 5477.
CPN Enquiry
  • United States+1
  • United Kingdom+44
  • Afghanistan+93
  • Albania+355
  • Algeria+213
  • American Samoa+1
  • Andorra+376
  • Angola+244
  • Anguilla+1
  • Antigua & Barbuda+1
  • Argentina+54
  • Armenia+374
  • Aruba+297
  • Ascension Island+247
  • Australia+61
  • Austria+43
  • Azerbaijan+994
  • Bahamas+1
  • Bahrain+973
  • Bangladesh+880
  • Barbados+1
  • Belarus+375
  • Belgium+32
  • Belize+501
  • Benin+229
  • Bermuda+1
  • Bhutan+975
  • Bolivia+591
  • Bosnia & Herzegovina+387
  • Botswana+267
  • Brazil+55
  • British Indian Ocean Territory+246
  • British Virgin Islands+1
  • Brunei+673
  • Bulgaria+359
  • Burkina Faso+226
  • Burundi+257
  • Cambodia+855
  • Cameroon+237
  • Canada+1
  • Cape Verde+238
  • Caribbean Netherlands+599
  • Cayman Islands+1
  • Central African Republic+236
  • Chad+235
  • Chile+56
  • China+86
  • Christmas Island+61
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands+61
  • Colombia+57
  • Comoros+269
  • Congo - Brazzaville+242
  • Congo - Kinshasa+243
  • Cook Islands+682
  • Costa Rica+506
  • Croatia+385
  • Cuba+53
  • Curaçao+599
  • Cyprus+357
  • Czechia+420
  • Côte d’Ivoire+225
  • Denmark+45
  • Djibouti+253
  • Dominica+1
  • Dominican Republic+1
  • Ecuador+593
  • Egypt+20
  • El Salvador+503
  • Equatorial Guinea+240
  • Eritrea+291
  • Estonia+372
  • Eswatini+268
  • Ethiopia+251
  • Falkland Islands+500
  • Faroe Islands+298
  • Fiji+679
  • Finland+358
  • France+33
  • French Guiana+594
  • French Polynesia+689
  • Gabon+241
  • Gambia+220
  • Georgia+995
  • Germany+49
  • Ghana+233
  • Gibraltar+350
  • Greece+30
  • Greenland+299
  • Grenada+1
  • Guadeloupe+590
  • Guam+1
  • Guatemala+502
  • Guernsey+44
  • Guinea+224
  • Guinea-Bissau+245
  • Guyana+592
  • Haiti+509
  • Honduras+504
  • Hong Kong SAR China+852
  • Hungary+36
  • Iceland+354
  • India+91
  • Indonesia+62
  • Iran+98
  • Iraq+964
  • Ireland+353
  • Isle of Man+44
  • Israel+972
  • Italy+39
  • Jamaica+1
  • Japan+81
  • Jersey+44
  • Jordan+962
  • Kazakhstan+7
  • Kenya+254
  • Kiribati+686
  • Kosovo+383
  • Kuwait+965
  • Kyrgyzstan+996
  • Laos+856
  • Latvia+371
  • Lebanon+961
  • Lesotho+266
  • Liberia+231
  • Libya+218
  • Liechtenstein+423
  • Lithuania+370
  • Luxembourg+352
  • Macao SAR China+853
  • Madagascar+261
  • Malawi+265
  • Malaysia+60
  • Maldives+960
  • Mali+223
  • Malta+356
  • Marshall Islands+692
  • Martinique+596
  • Mauritania+222
  • Mauritius+230
  • Mayotte+262
  • Mexico+52
  • Micronesia+691
  • Moldova+373
  • Monaco+377
  • Mongolia+976
  • Montenegro+382
  • Montserrat+1
  • Morocco+212
  • Mozambique+258
  • Myanmar (Burma)+95
  • Namibia+264
  • Nauru+674
  • Nepal+977
  • Netherlands+31
  • New Caledonia+687
  • New Zealand+64
  • Nicaragua+505
  • Niger+227
  • Nigeria+234
  • Niue+683
  • Norfolk Island+672
  • North Korea+850
  • North Macedonia+389
  • Northern Mariana Islands+1
  • Norway+47
  • Oman+968
  • Pakistan+92
  • Palau+680
  • Palestinian Territories+970
  • Panama+507
  • Papua New Guinea+675
  • Paraguay+595
  • Peru+51
  • Philippines+63
  • Poland+48
  • Portugal+351
  • Puerto Rico+1
  • Qatar+974
  • Romania+40
  • Russia+7
  • Rwanda+250
  • Réunion+262
  • Samoa+685
  • San Marino+378
  • Saudi Arabia+966
  • Senegal+221
  • Serbia+381
  • Seychelles+248
  • Sierra Leone+232
  • Singapore+65
  • Sint Maarten+1
  • Slovakia+421
  • Slovenia+386
  • Solomon Islands+677
  • Somalia+252
  • South Africa+27
  • South Korea+82
  • South Sudan+211
  • Spain+34
  • Sri Lanka+94
  • St. Barthélemy+590
  • St. Helena+290
  • St. Kitts & Nevis+1
  • St. Lucia+1
  • St. Martin+590
  • St. Pierre & Miquelon+508
  • St. Vincent & Grenadines+1
  • Sudan+249
  • Suriname+597
  • Svalbard & Jan Mayen+47
  • Sweden+46
  • Switzerland+41
  • Syria+963
  • São Tomé & Príncipe+239
  • Taiwan+886
  • Tajikistan+992
  • Tanzania+255
  • Thailand+66
  • Timor-Leste+670
  • Togo+228
  • Tokelau+690
  • Tonga+676
  • Trinidad & Tobago+1
  • Tunisia+216
  • Turkey+90
  • Turkmenistan+993
  • Turks & Caicos Islands+1
  • Tuvalu+688
  • U.S. Virgin Islands+1
  • Uganda+256
  • Ukraine+380
  • United Arab Emirates+971
  • United Kingdom+44
  • United States+1
  • Uruguay+598
  • Uzbekistan+998
  • Vanuatu+678
  • Vatican City+39
  • Venezuela+58
  • Vietnam+84
  • Wallis & Futuna+681
  • Western Sahara+212
  • Yemen+967
  • Zambia+260
  • Zimbabwe+263
  • Åland Islands+358
Business Radar 2024
Dealmakers 2025
Tax Facts 2024-25
Search by industry