We're a Baker Tilly network member
Learn more
Back to top
Our advocacy work: Division 7A
Article

Our advocacy work: Division 7A

At the same time that the ATO released their public guidance on section 100A, the ATO updated its view regarding the treatment of unpaid present entitlements (“UPEs”) for Division 7A purposes.

In TD 2022/D1, the ATO states that distributions made to corporate beneficiaries would be treated as Division 7A loans if left unpaid.

However, in the draft determination the precise timing of the loan (and time necessary to put loan agreements in place and make the first loan repayment) was said to depend on the nature of the entitlement which would lead to needlessly complicated administration and compliance for taxpayers.

Following consultation with us, the ATO has simplified the proposed timing rules such that in almost all cases, a UPE will now be considered to give rise to the provision of financial accommodation in the income year following the conferral of the entitlement.

This final view and the ATO’s approach to public consultation is welcome and significantly simplifies compliance with Division 7A for the 2022-23 and later income years.

You can read our submission below.

You can find out more about our advocacy work on the website here

This content is general commentary only and does not constitute advice. Before making any decision or taking any action in relation to the content, you should consult your professional advisor. To the maximum extent permitted by law, neither Pitcher Partners or its affiliated entities, nor any of our employees will be liable for any loss, damage, liability or claim whatsoever suffered or incurred arising directly or indirectly out of the use or reliance on the material contained in this content. Pitcher Partners is an association of independent firms. Pitcher Partners is a member of the global network of Baker Tilly International Limited, the members of which are separate and independent legal entities. Liability limited by a scheme approved under professional standards legislation.
asdfafsdfa Nigel Fischer

Nigel Fischer

Chairman of Partners

Brisbane


View profile
asdfafsdfa Alexis Kokkinos

Alexis Kokkinos

Partner

Melbourne


View profile
asdfafsdfa Michael Minter

Michael Minter

Managing Partner

Newcastle and Hunter


View profile
asdfafsdfa Leon Mok

Leon Mok

Managing Director

Perth


View profile
asdfafsdfa Chris Ardagna

Chris Ardagna

Partner

Sydney


View profile

Pitcher Partners insights

Get the latest Pitcher Partners updates direct to your inbox

Thank you for you interest

How can we help you?

Business or personal advice
  • United States+1
  • United Kingdom+44
  • Afghanistan+93
  • Albania+355
  • Algeria+213
  • American Samoa+1
  • Andorra+376
  • Angola+244
  • Anguilla+1
  • Antigua & Barbuda+1
  • Argentina+54
  • Armenia+374
  • Aruba+297
  • Ascension Island+247
  • Australia+61
  • Austria+43
  • Azerbaijan+994
  • Bahamas+1
  • Bahrain+973
  • Bangladesh+880
  • Barbados+1
  • Belarus+375
  • Belgium+32
  • Belize+501
  • Benin+229
  • Bermuda+1
  • Bhutan+975
  • Bolivia+591
  • Bosnia & Herzegovina+387
  • Botswana+267
  • Brazil+55
  • British Indian Ocean Territory+246
  • British Virgin Islands+1
  • Brunei+673
  • Bulgaria+359
  • Burkina Faso+226
  • Burundi+257
  • Cambodia+855
  • Cameroon+237
  • Canada+1
  • Cape Verde+238
  • Caribbean Netherlands+599
  • Cayman Islands+1
  • Central African Republic+236
  • Chad+235
  • Chile+56
  • China+86
  • Christmas Island+61
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands+61
  • Colombia+57
  • Comoros+269
  • Congo - Brazzaville+242
  • Congo - Kinshasa+243
  • Cook Islands+682
  • Costa Rica+506
  • Croatia+385
  • Cuba+53
  • Curaçao+599
  • Cyprus+357
  • Czechia+420
  • Côte d’Ivoire+225
  • Denmark+45
  • Djibouti+253
  • Dominica+1
  • Dominican Republic+1
  • Ecuador+593
  • Egypt+20
  • El Salvador+503
  • Equatorial Guinea+240
  • Eritrea+291
  • Estonia+372
  • Eswatini+268
  • Ethiopia+251
  • Falkland Islands+500
  • Faroe Islands+298
  • Fiji+679
  • Finland+358
  • France+33
  • French Guiana+594
  • French Polynesia+689
  • Gabon+241
  • Gambia+220
  • Georgia+995
  • Germany+49
  • Ghana+233
  • Gibraltar+350
  • Greece+30
  • Greenland+299
  • Grenada+1
  • Guadeloupe+590
  • Guam+1
  • Guatemala+502
  • Guernsey+44
  • Guinea+224
  • Guinea-Bissau+245
  • Guyana+592
  • Haiti+509
  • Honduras+504
  • Hong Kong SAR China+852
  • Hungary+36
  • Iceland+354
  • India+91
  • Indonesia+62
  • Iran+98
  • Iraq+964
  • Ireland+353
  • Isle of Man+44
  • Israel+972
  • Italy+39
  • Jamaica+1
  • Japan+81
  • Jersey+44
  • Jordan+962
  • Kazakhstan+7
  • Kenya+254
  • Kiribati+686
  • Kosovo+383
  • Kuwait+965
  • Kyrgyzstan+996
  • Laos+856
  • Latvia+371
  • Lebanon+961
  • Lesotho+266
  • Liberia+231
  • Libya+218
  • Liechtenstein+423
  • Lithuania+370
  • Luxembourg+352
  • Macao SAR China+853
  • Madagascar+261
  • Malawi+265
  • Malaysia+60
  • Maldives+960
  • Mali+223
  • Malta+356
  • Marshall Islands+692
  • Martinique+596
  • Mauritania+222
  • Mauritius+230
  • Mayotte+262
  • Mexico+52
  • Micronesia+691
  • Moldova+373
  • Monaco+377
  • Mongolia+976
  • Montenegro+382
  • Montserrat+1
  • Morocco+212
  • Mozambique+258
  • Myanmar (Burma)+95
  • Namibia+264
  • Nauru+674
  • Nepal+977
  • Netherlands+31
  • New Caledonia+687
  • New Zealand+64
  • Nicaragua+505
  • Niger+227
  • Nigeria+234
  • Niue+683
  • Norfolk Island+672
  • North Korea+850
  • North Macedonia+389
  • Northern Mariana Islands+1
  • Norway+47
  • Oman+968
  • Pakistan+92
  • Palau+680
  • Palestinian Territories+970
  • Panama+507
  • Papua New Guinea+675
  • Paraguay+595
  • Peru+51
  • Philippines+63
  • Poland+48
  • Portugal+351
  • Puerto Rico+1
  • Qatar+974
  • Romania+40
  • Russia+7
  • Rwanda+250
  • Réunion+262
  • Samoa+685
  • San Marino+378
  • Saudi Arabia+966
  • Senegal+221
  • Serbia+381
  • Seychelles+248
  • Sierra Leone+232
  • Singapore+65
  • Sint Maarten+1
  • Slovakia+421
  • Slovenia+386
  • Solomon Islands+677
  • Somalia+252
  • South Africa+27
  • South Korea+82
  • South Sudan+211
  • Spain+34
  • Sri Lanka+94
  • St. Barthélemy+590
  • St. Helena+290
  • St. Kitts & Nevis+1
  • St. Lucia+1
  • St. Martin+590
  • St. Pierre & Miquelon+508
  • St. Vincent & Grenadines+1
  • Sudan+249
  • Suriname+597
  • Svalbard & Jan Mayen+47
  • Sweden+46
  • Switzerland+41
  • Syria+963
  • São Tomé & Príncipe+239
  • Taiwan+886
  • Tajikistan+992
  • Tanzania+255
  • Thailand+66
  • Timor-Leste+670
  • Togo+228
  • Tokelau+690
  • Tonga+676
  • Trinidad & Tobago+1
  • Tunisia+216
  • Turkey+90
  • Turkmenistan+993
  • Turks & Caicos Islands+1
  • Tuvalu+688
  • U.S. Virgin Islands+1
  • Uganda+256
  • Ukraine+380
  • United Arab Emirates+971
  • United Kingdom+44
  • United States+1
  • Uruguay+598
  • Uzbekistan+998
  • Vanuatu+678
  • Vatican City+39
  • Venezuela+58
  • Vietnam+84
  • Wallis & Futuna+681
  • Western Sahara+212
  • Yemen+967
  • Zambia+260
  • Zimbabwe+263
  • Åland Islands+358
General information
  • United States+1
  • United Kingdom+44
  • Afghanistan+93
  • Albania+355
  • Algeria+213
  • American Samoa+1
  • Andorra+376
  • Angola+244
  • Anguilla+1
  • Antigua & Barbuda+1
  • Argentina+54
  • Armenia+374
  • Aruba+297
  • Ascension Island+247
  • Australia+61
  • Austria+43
  • Azerbaijan+994
  • Bahamas+1
  • Bahrain+973
  • Bangladesh+880
  • Barbados+1
  • Belarus+375
  • Belgium+32
  • Belize+501
  • Benin+229
  • Bermuda+1
  • Bhutan+975
  • Bolivia+591
  • Bosnia & Herzegovina+387
  • Botswana+267
  • Brazil+55
  • British Indian Ocean Territory+246
  • British Virgin Islands+1
  • Brunei+673
  • Bulgaria+359
  • Burkina Faso+226
  • Burundi+257
  • Cambodia+855
  • Cameroon+237
  • Canada+1
  • Cape Verde+238
  • Caribbean Netherlands+599
  • Cayman Islands+1
  • Central African Republic+236
  • Chad+235
  • Chile+56
  • China+86
  • Christmas Island+61
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands+61
  • Colombia+57
  • Comoros+269
  • Congo - Brazzaville+242
  • Congo - Kinshasa+243
  • Cook Islands+682
  • Costa Rica+506
  • Croatia+385
  • Cuba+53
  • Curaçao+599
  • Cyprus+357
  • Czechia+420
  • Côte d’Ivoire+225
  • Denmark+45
  • Djibouti+253
  • Dominica+1
  • Dominican Republic+1
  • Ecuador+593
  • Egypt+20
  • El Salvador+503
  • Equatorial Guinea+240
  • Eritrea+291
  • Estonia+372
  • Eswatini+268
  • Ethiopia+251
  • Falkland Islands+500
  • Faroe Islands+298
  • Fiji+679
  • Finland+358
  • France+33
  • French Guiana+594
  • French Polynesia+689
  • Gabon+241
  • Gambia+220
  • Georgia+995
  • Germany+49
  • Ghana+233
  • Gibraltar+350
  • Greece+30
  • Greenland+299
  • Grenada+1
  • Guadeloupe+590
  • Guam+1
  • Guatemala+502
  • Guernsey+44
  • Guinea+224
  • Guinea-Bissau+245
  • Guyana+592
  • Haiti+509
  • Honduras+504
  • Hong Kong SAR China+852
  • Hungary+36
  • Iceland+354
  • India+91
  • Indonesia+62
  • Iran+98
  • Iraq+964
  • Ireland+353
  • Isle of Man+44
  • Israel+972
  • Italy+39
  • Jamaica+1
  • Japan+81
  • Jersey+44
  • Jordan+962
  • Kazakhstan+7
  • Kenya+254
  • Kiribati+686
  • Kosovo+383
  • Kuwait+965
  • Kyrgyzstan+996
  • Laos+856
  • Latvia+371
  • Lebanon+961
  • Lesotho+266
  • Liberia+231
  • Libya+218
  • Liechtenstein+423
  • Lithuania+370
  • Luxembourg+352
  • Macao SAR China+853
  • Madagascar+261
  • Malawi+265
  • Malaysia+60
  • Maldives+960
  • Mali+223
  • Malta+356
  • Marshall Islands+692
  • Martinique+596
  • Mauritania+222
  • Mauritius+230
  • Mayotte+262
  • Mexico+52
  • Micronesia+691
  • Moldova+373
  • Monaco+377
  • Mongolia+976
  • Montenegro+382
  • Montserrat+1
  • Morocco+212
  • Mozambique+258
  • Myanmar (Burma)+95
  • Namibia+264
  • Nauru+674
  • Nepal+977
  • Netherlands+31
  • New Caledonia+687
  • New Zealand+64
  • Nicaragua+505
  • Niger+227
  • Nigeria+234
  • Niue+683
  • Norfolk Island+672
  • North Korea+850
  • North Macedonia+389
  • Northern Mariana Islands+1
  • Norway+47
  • Oman+968
  • Pakistan+92
  • Palau+680
  • Palestinian Territories+970
  • Panama+507
  • Papua New Guinea+675
  • Paraguay+595
  • Peru+51
  • Philippines+63
  • Poland+48
  • Portugal+351
  • Puerto Rico+1
  • Qatar+974
  • Romania+40
  • Russia+7
  • Rwanda+250
  • Réunion+262
  • Samoa+685
  • San Marino+378
  • Saudi Arabia+966
  • Senegal+221
  • Serbia+381
  • Seychelles+248
  • Sierra Leone+232
  • Singapore+65
  • Sint Maarten+1
  • Slovakia+421
  • Slovenia+386
  • Solomon Islands+677
  • Somalia+252
  • South Africa+27
  • South Korea+82
  • South Sudan+211
  • Spain+34
  • Sri Lanka+94
  • St. Barthélemy+590
  • St. Helena+290
  • St. Kitts & Nevis+1
  • St. Lucia+1
  • St. Martin+590
  • St. Pierre & Miquelon+508
  • St. Vincent & Grenadines+1
  • Sudan+249
  • Suriname+597
  • Svalbard & Jan Mayen+47
  • Sweden+46
  • Switzerland+41
  • Syria+963
  • São Tomé & Príncipe+239
  • Taiwan+886
  • Tajikistan+992
  • Tanzania+255
  • Thailand+66
  • Timor-Leste+670
  • Togo+228
  • Tokelau+690
  • Tonga+676
  • Trinidad & Tobago+1
  • Tunisia+216
  • Turkey+90
  • Turkmenistan+993
  • Turks & Caicos Islands+1
  • Tuvalu+688
  • U.S. Virgin Islands+1
  • Uganda+256
  • Ukraine+380
  • United Arab Emirates+971
  • United Kingdom+44
  • United States+1
  • Uruguay+598
  • Uzbekistan+998
  • Vanuatu+678
  • Vatican City+39
  • Venezuela+58
  • Vietnam+84
  • Wallis & Futuna+681
  • Western Sahara+212
  • Yemen+967
  • Zambia+260
  • Zimbabwe+263
  • Åland Islands+358
Career information
  • United States+1
  • United Kingdom+44
  • Afghanistan+93
  • Albania+355
  • Algeria+213
  • American Samoa+1
  • Andorra+376
  • Angola+244
  • Anguilla+1
  • Antigua & Barbuda+1
  • Argentina+54
  • Armenia+374
  • Aruba+297
  • Ascension Island+247
  • Australia+61
  • Austria+43
  • Azerbaijan+994
  • Bahamas+1
  • Bahrain+973
  • Bangladesh+880
  • Barbados+1
  • Belarus+375
  • Belgium+32
  • Belize+501
  • Benin+229
  • Bermuda+1
  • Bhutan+975
  • Bolivia+591
  • Bosnia & Herzegovina+387
  • Botswana+267
  • Brazil+55
  • British Indian Ocean Territory+246
  • British Virgin Islands+1
  • Brunei+673
  • Bulgaria+359
  • Burkina Faso+226
  • Burundi+257
  • Cambodia+855
  • Cameroon+237
  • Canada+1
  • Cape Verde+238
  • Caribbean Netherlands+599
  • Cayman Islands+1
  • Central African Republic+236
  • Chad+235
  • Chile+56
  • China+86
  • Christmas Island+61
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands+61
  • Colombia+57
  • Comoros+269
  • Congo - Brazzaville+242
  • Congo - Kinshasa+243
  • Cook Islands+682
  • Costa Rica+506
  • Croatia+385
  • Cuba+53
  • Curaçao+599
  • Cyprus+357
  • Czechia+420
  • Côte d’Ivoire+225
  • Denmark+45
  • Djibouti+253
  • Dominica+1
  • Dominican Republic+1
  • Ecuador+593
  • Egypt+20
  • El Salvador+503
  • Equatorial Guinea+240
  • Eritrea+291
  • Estonia+372
  • Eswatini+268
  • Ethiopia+251
  • Falkland Islands+500
  • Faroe Islands+298
  • Fiji+679
  • Finland+358
  • France+33
  • French Guiana+594
  • French Polynesia+689
  • Gabon+241
  • Gambia+220
  • Georgia+995
  • Germany+49
  • Ghana+233
  • Gibraltar+350
  • Greece+30
  • Greenland+299
  • Grenada+1
  • Guadeloupe+590
  • Guam+1
  • Guatemala+502
  • Guernsey+44
  • Guinea+224
  • Guinea-Bissau+245
  • Guyana+592
  • Haiti+509
  • Honduras+504
  • Hong Kong SAR China+852
  • Hungary+36
  • Iceland+354
  • India+91
  • Indonesia+62
  • Iran+98
  • Iraq+964
  • Ireland+353
  • Isle of Man+44
  • Israel+972
  • Italy+39
  • Jamaica+1
  • Japan+81
  • Jersey+44
  • Jordan+962
  • Kazakhstan+7
  • Kenya+254
  • Kiribati+686
  • Kosovo+383
  • Kuwait+965
  • Kyrgyzstan+996
  • Laos+856
  • Latvia+371
  • Lebanon+961
  • Lesotho+266
  • Liberia+231
  • Libya+218
  • Liechtenstein+423
  • Lithuania+370
  • Luxembourg+352
  • Macao SAR China+853
  • Madagascar+261
  • Malawi+265
  • Malaysia+60
  • Maldives+960
  • Mali+223
  • Malta+356
  • Marshall Islands+692
  • Martinique+596
  • Mauritania+222
  • Mauritius+230
  • Mayotte+262
  • Mexico+52
  • Micronesia+691
  • Moldova+373
  • Monaco+377
  • Mongolia+976
  • Montenegro+382
  • Montserrat+1
  • Morocco+212
  • Mozambique+258
  • Myanmar (Burma)+95
  • Namibia+264
  • Nauru+674
  • Nepal+977
  • Netherlands+31
  • New Caledonia+687
  • New Zealand+64
  • Nicaragua+505
  • Niger+227
  • Nigeria+234
  • Niue+683
  • Norfolk Island+672
  • North Korea+850
  • North Macedonia+389
  • Northern Mariana Islands+1
  • Norway+47
  • Oman+968
  • Pakistan+92
  • Palau+680
  • Palestinian Territories+970
  • Panama+507
  • Papua New Guinea+675
  • Paraguay+595
  • Peru+51
  • Philippines+63
  • Poland+48
  • Portugal+351
  • Puerto Rico+1
  • Qatar+974
  • Romania+40
  • Russia+7
  • Rwanda+250
  • Réunion+262
  • Samoa+685
  • San Marino+378
  • Saudi Arabia+966
  • Senegal+221
  • Serbia+381
  • Seychelles+248
  • Sierra Leone+232
  • Singapore+65
  • Sint Maarten+1
  • Slovakia+421
  • Slovenia+386
  • Solomon Islands+677
  • Somalia+252
  • South Africa+27
  • South Korea+82
  • South Sudan+211
  • Spain+34
  • Sri Lanka+94
  • St. Barthélemy+590
  • St. Helena+290
  • St. Kitts & Nevis+1
  • St. Lucia+1
  • St. Martin+590
  • St. Pierre & Miquelon+508
  • St. Vincent & Grenadines+1
  • Sudan+249
  • Suriname+597
  • Svalbard & Jan Mayen+47
  • Sweden+46
  • Switzerland+41
  • Syria+963
  • São Tomé & Príncipe+239
  • Taiwan+886
  • Tajikistan+992
  • Tanzania+255
  • Thailand+66
  • Timor-Leste+670
  • Togo+228
  • Tokelau+690
  • Tonga+676
  • Trinidad & Tobago+1
  • Tunisia+216
  • Turkey+90
  • Turkmenistan+993
  • Turks & Caicos Islands+1
  • Tuvalu+688
  • U.S. Virgin Islands+1
  • Uganda+256
  • Ukraine+380
  • United Arab Emirates+971
  • United Kingdom+44
  • United States+1
  • Uruguay+598
  • Uzbekistan+998
  • Vanuatu+678
  • Vatican City+39
  • Venezuela+58
  • Vietnam+84
  • Wallis & Futuna+681
  • Western Sahara+212
  • Yemen+967
  • Zambia+260
  • Zimbabwe+263
  • Åland Islands+358
Media enquiries
  • United States+1
  • United Kingdom+44
  • Afghanistan+93
  • Albania+355
  • Algeria+213
  • American Samoa+1
  • Andorra+376
  • Angola+244
  • Anguilla+1
  • Antigua & Barbuda+1
  • Argentina+54
  • Armenia+374
  • Aruba+297
  • Ascension Island+247
  • Australia+61
  • Austria+43
  • Azerbaijan+994
  • Bahamas+1
  • Bahrain+973
  • Bangladesh+880
  • Barbados+1
  • Belarus+375
  • Belgium+32
  • Belize+501
  • Benin+229
  • Bermuda+1
  • Bhutan+975
  • Bolivia+591
  • Bosnia & Herzegovina+387
  • Botswana+267
  • Brazil+55
  • British Indian Ocean Territory+246
  • British Virgin Islands+1
  • Brunei+673
  • Bulgaria+359
  • Burkina Faso+226
  • Burundi+257
  • Cambodia+855
  • Cameroon+237
  • Canada+1
  • Cape Verde+238
  • Caribbean Netherlands+599
  • Cayman Islands+1
  • Central African Republic+236
  • Chad+235
  • Chile+56
  • China+86
  • Christmas Island+61
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands+61
  • Colombia+57
  • Comoros+269
  • Congo - Brazzaville+242
  • Congo - Kinshasa+243
  • Cook Islands+682
  • Costa Rica+506
  • Croatia+385
  • Cuba+53
  • Curaçao+599
  • Cyprus+357
  • Czechia+420
  • Côte d’Ivoire+225
  • Denmark+45
  • Djibouti+253
  • Dominica+1
  • Dominican Republic+1
  • Ecuador+593
  • Egypt+20
  • El Salvador+503
  • Equatorial Guinea+240
  • Eritrea+291
  • Estonia+372
  • Eswatini+268
  • Ethiopia+251
  • Falkland Islands+500
  • Faroe Islands+298
  • Fiji+679
  • Finland+358
  • France+33
  • French Guiana+594
  • French Polynesia+689
  • Gabon+241
  • Gambia+220
  • Georgia+995
  • Germany+49
  • Ghana+233
  • Gibraltar+350
  • Greece+30
  • Greenland+299
  • Grenada+1
  • Guadeloupe+590
  • Guam+1
  • Guatemala+502
  • Guernsey+44
  • Guinea+224
  • Guinea-Bissau+245
  • Guyana+592
  • Haiti+509
  • Honduras+504
  • Hong Kong SAR China+852
  • Hungary+36
  • Iceland+354
  • India+91
  • Indonesia+62
  • Iran+98
  • Iraq+964
  • Ireland+353
  • Isle of Man+44
  • Israel+972
  • Italy+39
  • Jamaica+1
  • Japan+81
  • Jersey+44
  • Jordan+962
  • Kazakhstan+7
  • Kenya+254
  • Kiribati+686
  • Kosovo+383
  • Kuwait+965
  • Kyrgyzstan+996
  • Laos+856
  • Latvia+371
  • Lebanon+961
  • Lesotho+266
  • Liberia+231
  • Libya+218
  • Liechtenstein+423
  • Lithuania+370
  • Luxembourg+352
  • Macao SAR China+853
  • Madagascar+261
  • Malawi+265
  • Malaysia+60
  • Maldives+960
  • Mali+223
  • Malta+356
  • Marshall Islands+692
  • Martinique+596
  • Mauritania+222
  • Mauritius+230
  • Mayotte+262
  • Mexico+52
  • Micronesia+691
  • Moldova+373
  • Monaco+377
  • Mongolia+976
  • Montenegro+382
  • Montserrat+1
  • Morocco+212
  • Mozambique+258
  • Myanmar (Burma)+95
  • Namibia+264
  • Nauru+674
  • Nepal+977
  • Netherlands+31
  • New Caledonia+687
  • New Zealand+64
  • Nicaragua+505
  • Niger+227
  • Nigeria+234
  • Niue+683
  • Norfolk Island+672
  • North Korea+850
  • North Macedonia+389
  • Northern Mariana Islands+1
  • Norway+47
  • Oman+968
  • Pakistan+92
  • Palau+680
  • Palestinian Territories+970
  • Panama+507
  • Papua New Guinea+675
  • Paraguay+595
  • Peru+51
  • Philippines+63
  • Poland+48
  • Portugal+351
  • Puerto Rico+1
  • Qatar+974
  • Romania+40
  • Russia+7
  • Rwanda+250
  • Réunion+262
  • Samoa+685
  • San Marino+378
  • Saudi Arabia+966
  • Senegal+221
  • Serbia+381
  • Seychelles+248
  • Sierra Leone+232
  • Singapore+65
  • Sint Maarten+1
  • Slovakia+421
  • Slovenia+386
  • Solomon Islands+677
  • Somalia+252
  • South Africa+27
  • South Korea+82
  • South Sudan+211
  • Spain+34
  • Sri Lanka+94
  • St. Barthélemy+590
  • St. Helena+290
  • St. Kitts & Nevis+1
  • St. Lucia+1
  • St. Martin+590
  • St. Pierre & Miquelon+508
  • St. Vincent & Grenadines+1
  • Sudan+249
  • Suriname+597
  • Svalbard & Jan Mayen+47
  • Sweden+46
  • Switzerland+41
  • Syria+963
  • São Tomé & Príncipe+239
  • Taiwan+886
  • Tajikistan+992
  • Tanzania+255
  • Thailand+66
  • Timor-Leste+670
  • Togo+228
  • Tokelau+690
  • Tonga+676
  • Trinidad & Tobago+1
  • Tunisia+216
  • Turkey+90
  • Turkmenistan+993
  • Turks & Caicos Islands+1
  • Tuvalu+688
  • U.S. Virgin Islands+1
  • Uganda+256
  • Ukraine+380
  • United Arab Emirates+971
  • United Kingdom+44
  • United States+1
  • Uruguay+598
  • Uzbekistan+998
  • Vanuatu+678
  • Vatican City+39
  • Venezuela+58
  • Vietnam+84
  • Wallis & Futuna+681
  • Western Sahara+212
  • Yemen+967
  • Zambia+260
  • Zimbabwe+263
  • Åland Islands+358
Contact expert
  • United States+1
  • United Kingdom+44
  • Afghanistan+93
  • Albania+355
  • Algeria+213
  • American Samoa+1
  • Andorra+376
  • Angola+244
  • Anguilla+1
  • Antigua & Barbuda+1
  • Argentina+54
  • Armenia+374
  • Aruba+297
  • Ascension Island+247
  • Australia+61
  • Austria+43
  • Azerbaijan+994
  • Bahamas+1
  • Bahrain+973
  • Bangladesh+880
  • Barbados+1
  • Belarus+375
  • Belgium+32
  • Belize+501
  • Benin+229
  • Bermuda+1
  • Bhutan+975
  • Bolivia+591
  • Bosnia & Herzegovina+387
  • Botswana+267
  • Brazil+55
  • British Indian Ocean Territory+246
  • British Virgin Islands+1
  • Brunei+673
  • Bulgaria+359
  • Burkina Faso+226
  • Burundi+257
  • Cambodia+855
  • Cameroon+237
  • Canada+1
  • Cape Verde+238
  • Caribbean Netherlands+599
  • Cayman Islands+1
  • Central African Republic+236
  • Chad+235
  • Chile+56
  • China+86
  • Christmas Island+61
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands+61
  • Colombia+57
  • Comoros+269
  • Congo - Brazzaville+242
  • Congo - Kinshasa+243
  • Cook Islands+682
  • Costa Rica+506
  • Croatia+385
  • Cuba+53
  • Curaçao+599
  • Cyprus+357
  • Czechia+420
  • Côte d’Ivoire+225
  • Denmark+45
  • Djibouti+253
  • Dominica+1
  • Dominican Republic+1
  • Ecuador+593
  • Egypt+20
  • El Salvador+503
  • Equatorial Guinea+240
  • Eritrea+291
  • Estonia+372
  • Eswatini+268
  • Ethiopia+251
  • Falkland Islands+500
  • Faroe Islands+298
  • Fiji+679
  • Finland+358
  • France+33
  • French Guiana+594
  • French Polynesia+689
  • Gabon+241
  • Gambia+220
  • Georgia+995
  • Germany+49
  • Ghana+233
  • Gibraltar+350
  • Greece+30
  • Greenland+299
  • Grenada+1
  • Guadeloupe+590
  • Guam+1
  • Guatemala+502
  • Guernsey+44
  • Guinea+224
  • Guinea-Bissau+245
  • Guyana+592
  • Haiti+509
  • Honduras+504
  • Hong Kong SAR China+852
  • Hungary+36
  • Iceland+354
  • India+91
  • Indonesia+62
  • Iran+98
  • Iraq+964
  • Ireland+353
  • Isle of Man+44
  • Israel+972
  • Italy+39
  • Jamaica+1
  • Japan+81
  • Jersey+44
  • Jordan+962
  • Kazakhstan+7
  • Kenya+254
  • Kiribati+686
  • Kosovo+383
  • Kuwait+965
  • Kyrgyzstan+996
  • Laos+856
  • Latvia+371
  • Lebanon+961
  • Lesotho+266
  • Liberia+231
  • Libya+218
  • Liechtenstein+423
  • Lithuania+370
  • Luxembourg+352
  • Macao SAR China+853
  • Madagascar+261
  • Malawi+265
  • Malaysia+60
  • Maldives+960
  • Mali+223
  • Malta+356
  • Marshall Islands+692
  • Martinique+596
  • Mauritania+222
  • Mauritius+230
  • Mayotte+262
  • Mexico+52
  • Micronesia+691
  • Moldova+373
  • Monaco+377
  • Mongolia+976
  • Montenegro+382
  • Montserrat+1
  • Morocco+212
  • Mozambique+258
  • Myanmar (Burma)+95
  • Namibia+264
  • Nauru+674
  • Nepal+977
  • Netherlands+31
  • New Caledonia+687
  • New Zealand+64
  • Nicaragua+505
  • Niger+227
  • Nigeria+234
  • Niue+683
  • Norfolk Island+672
  • North Korea+850
  • North Macedonia+389
  • Northern Mariana Islands+1
  • Norway+47
  • Oman+968
  • Pakistan+92
  • Palau+680
  • Palestinian Territories+970
  • Panama+507
  • Papua New Guinea+675
  • Paraguay+595
  • Peru+51
  • Philippines+63
  • Poland+48
  • Portugal+351
  • Puerto Rico+1
  • Qatar+974
  • Romania+40
  • Russia+7
  • Rwanda+250
  • Réunion+262
  • Samoa+685
  • San Marino+378
  • Saudi Arabia+966
  • Senegal+221
  • Serbia+381
  • Seychelles+248
  • Sierra Leone+232
  • Singapore+65
  • Sint Maarten+1
  • Slovakia+421
  • Slovenia+386
  • Solomon Islands+677
  • Somalia+252
  • South Africa+27
  • South Korea+82
  • South Sudan+211
  • Spain+34
  • Sri Lanka+94
  • St. Barthélemy+590
  • St. Helena+290
  • St. Kitts & Nevis+1
  • St. Lucia+1
  • St. Martin+590
  • St. Pierre & Miquelon+508
  • St. Vincent & Grenadines+1
  • Sudan+249
  • Suriname+597
  • Svalbard & Jan Mayen+47
  • Sweden+46
  • Switzerland+41
  • Syria+963
  • São Tomé & Príncipe+239
  • Taiwan+886
  • Tajikistan+992
  • Tanzania+255
  • Thailand+66
  • Timor-Leste+670
  • Togo+228
  • Tokelau+690
  • Tonga+676
  • Trinidad & Tobago+1
  • Tunisia+216
  • Turkey+90
  • Turkmenistan+993
  • Turks & Caicos Islands+1
  • Tuvalu+688
  • U.S. Virgin Islands+1
  • Uganda+256
  • Ukraine+380
  • United Arab Emirates+971
  • United Kingdom+44
  • United States+1
  • Uruguay+598
  • Uzbekistan+998
  • Vanuatu+678
  • Vatican City+39
  • Venezuela+58
  • Vietnam+84
  • Wallis & Futuna+681
  • Western Sahara+212
  • Yemen+967
  • Zambia+260
  • Zimbabwe+263
  • Åland Islands+358
Become a member
  • United States+1
  • United Kingdom+44
  • Afghanistan+93
  • Albania+355
  • Algeria+213
  • American Samoa+1
  • Andorra+376
  • Angola+244
  • Anguilla+1
  • Antigua & Barbuda+1
  • Argentina+54
  • Armenia+374
  • Aruba+297
  • Ascension Island+247
  • Australia+61
  • Austria+43
  • Azerbaijan+994
  • Bahamas+1
  • Bahrain+973
  • Bangladesh+880
  • Barbados+1
  • Belarus+375
  • Belgium+32
  • Belize+501
  • Benin+229
  • Bermuda+1
  • Bhutan+975
  • Bolivia+591
  • Bosnia & Herzegovina+387
  • Botswana+267
  • Brazil+55
  • British Indian Ocean Territory+246
  • British Virgin Islands+1
  • Brunei+673
  • Bulgaria+359
  • Burkina Faso+226
  • Burundi+257
  • Cambodia+855
  • Cameroon+237
  • Canada+1
  • Cape Verde+238
  • Caribbean Netherlands+599
  • Cayman Islands+1
  • Central African Republic+236
  • Chad+235
  • Chile+56
  • China+86
  • Christmas Island+61
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands+61
  • Colombia+57
  • Comoros+269
  • Congo - Brazzaville+242
  • Congo - Kinshasa+243
  • Cook Islands+682
  • Costa Rica+506
  • Croatia+385
  • Cuba+53
  • Curaçao+599
  • Cyprus+357
  • Czechia+420
  • Côte d’Ivoire+225
  • Denmark+45
  • Djibouti+253
  • Dominica+1
  • Dominican Republic+1
  • Ecuador+593
  • Egypt+20
  • El Salvador+503
  • Equatorial Guinea+240
  • Eritrea+291
  • Estonia+372
  • Eswatini+268
  • Ethiopia+251
  • Falkland Islands+500
  • Faroe Islands+298
  • Fiji+679
  • Finland+358
  • France+33
  • French Guiana+594
  • French Polynesia+689
  • Gabon+241
  • Gambia+220
  • Georgia+995
  • Germany+49
  • Ghana+233
  • Gibraltar+350
  • Greece+30
  • Greenland+299
  • Grenada+1
  • Guadeloupe+590
  • Guam+1
  • Guatemala+502
  • Guernsey+44
  • Guinea+224
  • Guinea-Bissau+245
  • Guyana+592
  • Haiti+509
  • Honduras+504
  • Hong Kong SAR China+852
  • Hungary+36
  • Iceland+354
  • India+91
  • Indonesia+62
  • Iran+98
  • Iraq+964
  • Ireland+353
  • Isle of Man+44
  • Israel+972
  • Italy+39
  • Jamaica+1
  • Japan+81
  • Jersey+44
  • Jordan+962
  • Kazakhstan+7
  • Kenya+254
  • Kiribati+686
  • Kosovo+383
  • Kuwait+965
  • Kyrgyzstan+996
  • Laos+856
  • Latvia+371
  • Lebanon+961
  • Lesotho+266
  • Liberia+231
  • Libya+218
  • Liechtenstein+423
  • Lithuania+370
  • Luxembourg+352
  • Macao SAR China+853
  • Madagascar+261
  • Malawi+265
  • Malaysia+60
  • Maldives+960
  • Mali+223
  • Malta+356
  • Marshall Islands+692
  • Martinique+596
  • Mauritania+222
  • Mauritius+230
  • Mayotte+262
  • Mexico+52
  • Micronesia+691
  • Moldova+373
  • Monaco+377
  • Mongolia+976
  • Montenegro+382
  • Montserrat+1
  • Morocco+212
  • Mozambique+258
  • Myanmar (Burma)+95
  • Namibia+264
  • Nauru+674
  • Nepal+977
  • Netherlands+31
  • New Caledonia+687
  • New Zealand+64
  • Nicaragua+505
  • Niger+227
  • Nigeria+234
  • Niue+683
  • Norfolk Island+672
  • North Korea+850
  • North Macedonia+389
  • Northern Mariana Islands+1
  • Norway+47
  • Oman+968
  • Pakistan+92
  • Palau+680
  • Palestinian Territories+970
  • Panama+507
  • Papua New Guinea+675
  • Paraguay+595
  • Peru+51
  • Philippines+63
  • Poland+48
  • Portugal+351
  • Puerto Rico+1
  • Qatar+974
  • Romania+40
  • Russia+7
  • Rwanda+250
  • Réunion+262
  • Samoa+685
  • San Marino+378
  • Saudi Arabia+966
  • Senegal+221
  • Serbia+381
  • Seychelles+248
  • Sierra Leone+232
  • Singapore+65
  • Sint Maarten+1
  • Slovakia+421
  • Slovenia+386
  • Solomon Islands+677
  • Somalia+252
  • South Africa+27
  • South Korea+82
  • South Sudan+211
  • Spain+34
  • Sri Lanka+94
  • St. Barthélemy+590
  • St. Helena+290
  • St. Kitts & Nevis+1
  • St. Lucia+1
  • St. Martin+590
  • St. Pierre & Miquelon+508
  • St. Vincent & Grenadines+1
  • Sudan+249
  • Suriname+597
  • Svalbard & Jan Mayen+47
  • Sweden+46
  • Switzerland+41
  • Syria+963
  • São Tomé & Príncipe+239
  • Taiwan+886
  • Tajikistan+992
  • Tanzania+255
  • Thailand+66
  • Timor-Leste+670
  • Togo+228
  • Tokelau+690
  • Tonga+676
  • Trinidad & Tobago+1
  • Tunisia+216
  • Turkey+90
  • Turkmenistan+993
  • Turks & Caicos Islands+1
  • Tuvalu+688
  • U.S. Virgin Islands+1
  • Uganda+256
  • Ukraine+380
  • United Arab Emirates+971
  • United Kingdom+44
  • United States+1
  • Uruguay+598
  • Uzbekistan+998
  • Vanuatu+678
  • Vatican City+39
  • Venezuela+58
  • Vietnam+84
  • Wallis & Futuna+681
  • Western Sahara+212
  • Yemen+967
  • Zambia+260
  • Zimbabwe+263
  • Åland Islands+358
  • United States+1
  • United Kingdom+44
  • Afghanistan+93
  • Albania+355
  • Algeria+213
  • American Samoa+1
  • Andorra+376
  • Angola+244
  • Anguilla+1
  • Antigua & Barbuda+1
  • Argentina+54
  • Armenia+374
  • Aruba+297
  • Ascension Island+247
  • Australia+61
  • Austria+43
  • Azerbaijan+994
  • Bahamas+1
  • Bahrain+973
  • Bangladesh+880
  • Barbados+1
  • Belarus+375
  • Belgium+32
  • Belize+501
  • Benin+229
  • Bermuda+1
  • Bhutan+975
  • Bolivia+591
  • Bosnia & Herzegovina+387
  • Botswana+267
  • Brazil+55
  • British Indian Ocean Territory+246
  • British Virgin Islands+1
  • Brunei+673
  • Bulgaria+359
  • Burkina Faso+226
  • Burundi+257
  • Cambodia+855
  • Cameroon+237
  • Canada+1
  • Cape Verde+238
  • Caribbean Netherlands+599
  • Cayman Islands+1
  • Central African Republic+236
  • Chad+235
  • Chile+56
  • China+86
  • Christmas Island+61
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands+61
  • Colombia+57
  • Comoros+269
  • Congo - Brazzaville+242
  • Congo - Kinshasa+243
  • Cook Islands+682
  • Costa Rica+506
  • Croatia+385
  • Cuba+53
  • Curaçao+599
  • Cyprus+357
  • Czechia+420
  • Côte d’Ivoire+225
  • Denmark+45
  • Djibouti+253
  • Dominica+1
  • Dominican Republic+1
  • Ecuador+593
  • Egypt+20
  • El Salvador+503
  • Equatorial Guinea+240
  • Eritrea+291
  • Estonia+372
  • Eswatini+268
  • Ethiopia+251
  • Falkland Islands+500
  • Faroe Islands+298
  • Fiji+679
  • Finland+358
  • France+33
  • French Guiana+594
  • French Polynesia+689
  • Gabon+241
  • Gambia+220
  • Georgia+995
  • Germany+49
  • Ghana+233
  • Gibraltar+350
  • Greece+30
  • Greenland+299
  • Grenada+1
  • Guadeloupe+590
  • Guam+1
  • Guatemala+502
  • Guernsey+44
  • Guinea+224
  • Guinea-Bissau+245
  • Guyana+592
  • Haiti+509
  • Honduras+504
  • Hong Kong SAR China+852
  • Hungary+36
  • Iceland+354
  • India+91
  • Indonesia+62
  • Iran+98
  • Iraq+964
  • Ireland+353
  • Isle of Man+44
  • Israel+972
  • Italy+39
  • Jamaica+1
  • Japan+81
  • Jersey+44
  • Jordan+962
  • Kazakhstan+7
  • Kenya+254
  • Kiribati+686
  • Kosovo+383
  • Kuwait+965
  • Kyrgyzstan+996
  • Laos+856
  • Latvia+371
  • Lebanon+961
  • Lesotho+266
  • Liberia+231
  • Libya+218
  • Liechtenstein+423
  • Lithuania+370
  • Luxembourg+352
  • Macao SAR China+853
  • Madagascar+261
  • Malawi+265
  • Malaysia+60
  • Maldives+960
  • Mali+223
  • Malta+356
  • Marshall Islands+692
  • Martinique+596
  • Mauritania+222
  • Mauritius+230
  • Mayotte+262
  • Mexico+52
  • Micronesia+691
  • Moldova+373
  • Monaco+377
  • Mongolia+976
  • Montenegro+382
  • Montserrat+1
  • Morocco+212
  • Mozambique+258
  • Myanmar (Burma)+95
  • Namibia+264
  • Nauru+674
  • Nepal+977
  • Netherlands+31
  • New Caledonia+687
  • New Zealand+64
  • Nicaragua+505
  • Niger+227
  • Nigeria+234
  • Niue+683
  • Norfolk Island+672
  • North Korea+850
  • North Macedonia+389
  • Northern Mariana Islands+1
  • Norway+47
  • Oman+968
  • Pakistan+92
  • Palau+680
  • Palestinian Territories+970
  • Panama+507
  • Papua New Guinea+675
  • Paraguay+595
  • Peru+51
  • Philippines+63
  • Poland+48
  • Portugal+351
  • Puerto Rico+1
  • Qatar+974
  • Romania+40
  • Russia+7
  • Rwanda+250
  • Réunion+262
  • Samoa+685
  • San Marino+378
  • Saudi Arabia+966
  • Senegal+221
  • Serbia+381
  • Seychelles+248
  • Sierra Leone+232
  • Singapore+65
  • Sint Maarten+1
  • Slovakia+421
  • Slovenia+386
  • Solomon Islands+677
  • Somalia+252
  • South Africa+27
  • South Korea+82
  • South Sudan+211
  • Spain+34
  • Sri Lanka+94
  • St. Barthélemy+590
  • St. Helena+290
  • St. Kitts & Nevis+1
  • St. Lucia+1
  • St. Martin+590
  • St. Pierre & Miquelon+508
  • St. Vincent & Grenadines+1
  • Sudan+249
  • Suriname+597
  • Svalbard & Jan Mayen+47
  • Sweden+46
  • Switzerland+41
  • Syria+963
  • São Tomé & Príncipe+239
  • Taiwan+886
  • Tajikistan+992
  • Tanzania+255
  • Thailand+66
  • Timor-Leste+670
  • Togo+228
  • Tokelau+690
  • Tonga+676
  • Trinidad & Tobago+1
  • Tunisia+216
  • Turkey+90
  • Turkmenistan+993
  • Turks & Caicos Islands+1
  • Tuvalu+688
  • U.S. Virgin Islands+1
  • Uganda+256
  • Ukraine+380
  • United Arab Emirates+971
  • United Kingdom+44
  • United States+1
  • Uruguay+598
  • Uzbekistan+998
  • Vanuatu+678
  • Vatican City+39
  • Venezuela+58
  • Vietnam+84
  • Wallis & Futuna+681
  • Western Sahara+212
  • Yemen+967
  • Zambia+260
  • Zimbabwe+263
  • Åland Islands+358
Specialist query
  • United States+1
  • United Kingdom+44
  • Afghanistan+93
  • Albania+355
  • Algeria+213
  • American Samoa+1
  • Andorra+376
  • Angola+244
  • Anguilla+1
  • Antigua & Barbuda+1
  • Argentina+54
  • Armenia+374
  • Aruba+297
  • Ascension Island+247
  • Australia+61
  • Austria+43
  • Azerbaijan+994
  • Bahamas+1
  • Bahrain+973
  • Bangladesh+880
  • Barbados+1
  • Belarus+375
  • Belgium+32
  • Belize+501
  • Benin+229
  • Bermuda+1
  • Bhutan+975
  • Bolivia+591
  • Bosnia & Herzegovina+387
  • Botswana+267
  • Brazil+55
  • British Indian Ocean Territory+246
  • British Virgin Islands+1
  • Brunei+673
  • Bulgaria+359
  • Burkina Faso+226
  • Burundi+257
  • Cambodia+855
  • Cameroon+237
  • Canada+1
  • Cape Verde+238
  • Caribbean Netherlands+599
  • Cayman Islands+1
  • Central African Republic+236
  • Chad+235
  • Chile+56
  • China+86
  • Christmas Island+61
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands+61
  • Colombia+57
  • Comoros+269
  • Congo - Brazzaville+242
  • Congo - Kinshasa+243
  • Cook Islands+682
  • Costa Rica+506
  • Croatia+385
  • Cuba+53
  • Curaçao+599
  • Cyprus+357
  • Czechia+420
  • Côte d’Ivoire+225
  • Denmark+45
  • Djibouti+253
  • Dominica+1
  • Dominican Republic+1
  • Ecuador+593
  • Egypt+20
  • El Salvador+503
  • Equatorial Guinea+240
  • Eritrea+291
  • Estonia+372
  • Eswatini+268
  • Ethiopia+251
  • Falkland Islands+500
  • Faroe Islands+298
  • Fiji+679
  • Finland+358
  • France+33
  • French Guiana+594
  • French Polynesia+689
  • Gabon+241
  • Gambia+220
  • Georgia+995
  • Germany+49
  • Ghana+233
  • Gibraltar+350
  • Greece+30
  • Greenland+299
  • Grenada+1
  • Guadeloupe+590
  • Guam+1
  • Guatemala+502
  • Guernsey+44
  • Guinea+224
  • Guinea-Bissau+245
  • Guyana+592
  • Haiti+509
  • Honduras+504
  • Hong Kong SAR China+852
  • Hungary+36
  • Iceland+354
  • India+91
  • Indonesia+62
  • Iran+98
  • Iraq+964
  • Ireland+353
  • Isle of Man+44
  • Israel+972
  • Italy+39
  • Jamaica+1
  • Japan+81
  • Jersey+44
  • Jordan+962
  • Kazakhstan+7
  • Kenya+254
  • Kiribati+686
  • Kosovo+383
  • Kuwait+965
  • Kyrgyzstan+996
  • Laos+856
  • Latvia+371
  • Lebanon+961
  • Lesotho+266
  • Liberia+231
  • Libya+218
  • Liechtenstein+423
  • Lithuania+370
  • Luxembourg+352
  • Macao SAR China+853
  • Madagascar+261
  • Malawi+265
  • Malaysia+60
  • Maldives+960
  • Mali+223
  • Malta+356
  • Marshall Islands+692
  • Martinique+596
  • Mauritania+222
  • Mauritius+230
  • Mayotte+262
  • Mexico+52
  • Micronesia+691
  • Moldova+373
  • Monaco+377
  • Mongolia+976
  • Montenegro+382
  • Montserrat+1
  • Morocco+212
  • Mozambique+258
  • Myanmar (Burma)+95
  • Namibia+264
  • Nauru+674
  • Nepal+977
  • Netherlands+31
  • New Caledonia+687
  • New Zealand+64
  • Nicaragua+505
  • Niger+227
  • Nigeria+234
  • Niue+683
  • Norfolk Island+672
  • North Korea+850
  • North Macedonia+389
  • Northern Mariana Islands+1
  • Norway+47
  • Oman+968
  • Pakistan+92
  • Palau+680
  • Palestinian Territories+970
  • Panama+507
  • Papua New Guinea+675
  • Paraguay+595
  • Peru+51
  • Philippines+63
  • Poland+48
  • Portugal+351
  • Puerto Rico+1
  • Qatar+974
  • Romania+40
  • Russia+7
  • Rwanda+250
  • Réunion+262
  • Samoa+685
  • San Marino+378
  • Saudi Arabia+966
  • Senegal+221
  • Serbia+381
  • Seychelles+248
  • Sierra Leone+232
  • Singapore+65
  • Sint Maarten+1
  • Slovakia+421
  • Slovenia+386
  • Solomon Islands+677
  • Somalia+252
  • South Africa+27
  • South Korea+82
  • South Sudan+211
  • Spain+34
  • Sri Lanka+94
  • St. Barthélemy+590
  • St. Helena+290
  • St. Kitts & Nevis+1
  • St. Lucia+1
  • St. Martin+590
  • St. Pierre & Miquelon+508
  • St. Vincent & Grenadines+1
  • Sudan+249
  • Suriname+597
  • Svalbard & Jan Mayen+47
  • Sweden+46
  • Switzerland+41
  • Syria+963
  • São Tomé & Príncipe+239
  • Taiwan+886
  • Tajikistan+992
  • Tanzania+255
  • Thailand+66
  • Timor-Leste+670
  • Togo+228
  • Tokelau+690
  • Tonga+676
  • Trinidad & Tobago+1
  • Tunisia+216
  • Turkey+90
  • Turkmenistan+993
  • Turks & Caicos Islands+1
  • Tuvalu+688
  • U.S. Virgin Islands+1
  • Uganda+256
  • Ukraine+380
  • United Arab Emirates+971
  • United Kingdom+44
  • United States+1
  • Uruguay+598
  • Uzbekistan+998
  • Vanuatu+678
  • Vatican City+39
  • Venezuela+58
  • Vietnam+84
  • Wallis & Futuna+681
  • Western Sahara+212
  • Yemen+967
  • Zambia+260
  • Zimbabwe+263
  • Åland Islands+358
Please provide as much detail to ensure appropriate allocation of your query
Please highlight a realistic time frame that will enable us to provide advice within a suitable and timely manner. Please note given conflicting demands with our senior personnel, we will endeavour to respond to you within the nominated time frame. If you require an urgent response, please contact us on 03 8610 5477.
CPN Enquiry
  • United States+1
  • United Kingdom+44
  • Afghanistan+93
  • Albania+355
  • Algeria+213
  • American Samoa+1
  • Andorra+376
  • Angola+244
  • Anguilla+1
  • Antigua & Barbuda+1
  • Argentina+54
  • Armenia+374
  • Aruba+297
  • Ascension Island+247
  • Australia+61
  • Austria+43
  • Azerbaijan+994
  • Bahamas+1
  • Bahrain+973
  • Bangladesh+880
  • Barbados+1
  • Belarus+375
  • Belgium+32
  • Belize+501
  • Benin+229
  • Bermuda+1
  • Bhutan+975
  • Bolivia+591
  • Bosnia & Herzegovina+387
  • Botswana+267
  • Brazil+55
  • British Indian Ocean Territory+246
  • British Virgin Islands+1
  • Brunei+673
  • Bulgaria+359
  • Burkina Faso+226
  • Burundi+257
  • Cambodia+855
  • Cameroon+237
  • Canada+1
  • Cape Verde+238
  • Caribbean Netherlands+599
  • Cayman Islands+1
  • Central African Republic+236
  • Chad+235
  • Chile+56
  • China+86
  • Christmas Island+61
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands+61
  • Colombia+57
  • Comoros+269
  • Congo - Brazzaville+242
  • Congo - Kinshasa+243
  • Cook Islands+682
  • Costa Rica+506
  • Croatia+385
  • Cuba+53
  • Curaçao+599
  • Cyprus+357
  • Czechia+420
  • Côte d’Ivoire+225
  • Denmark+45
  • Djibouti+253
  • Dominica+1
  • Dominican Republic+1
  • Ecuador+593
  • Egypt+20
  • El Salvador+503
  • Equatorial Guinea+240
  • Eritrea+291
  • Estonia+372
  • Eswatini+268
  • Ethiopia+251
  • Falkland Islands+500
  • Faroe Islands+298
  • Fiji+679
  • Finland+358
  • France+33
  • French Guiana+594
  • French Polynesia+689
  • Gabon+241
  • Gambia+220
  • Georgia+995
  • Germany+49
  • Ghana+233
  • Gibraltar+350
  • Greece+30
  • Greenland+299
  • Grenada+1
  • Guadeloupe+590
  • Guam+1
  • Guatemala+502
  • Guernsey+44
  • Guinea+224
  • Guinea-Bissau+245
  • Guyana+592
  • Haiti+509
  • Honduras+504
  • Hong Kong SAR China+852
  • Hungary+36
  • Iceland+354
  • India+91
  • Indonesia+62
  • Iran+98
  • Iraq+964
  • Ireland+353
  • Isle of Man+44
  • Israel+972
  • Italy+39
  • Jamaica+1
  • Japan+81
  • Jersey+44
  • Jordan+962
  • Kazakhstan+7
  • Kenya+254
  • Kiribati+686
  • Kosovo+383
  • Kuwait+965
  • Kyrgyzstan+996
  • Laos+856
  • Latvia+371
  • Lebanon+961
  • Lesotho+266
  • Liberia+231
  • Libya+218
  • Liechtenstein+423
  • Lithuania+370
  • Luxembourg+352
  • Macao SAR China+853
  • Madagascar+261
  • Malawi+265
  • Malaysia+60
  • Maldives+960
  • Mali+223
  • Malta+356
  • Marshall Islands+692
  • Martinique+596
  • Mauritania+222
  • Mauritius+230
  • Mayotte+262
  • Mexico+52
  • Micronesia+691
  • Moldova+373
  • Monaco+377
  • Mongolia+976
  • Montenegro+382
  • Montserrat+1
  • Morocco+212
  • Mozambique+258
  • Myanmar (Burma)+95
  • Namibia+264
  • Nauru+674
  • Nepal+977
  • Netherlands+31
  • New Caledonia+687
  • New Zealand+64
  • Nicaragua+505
  • Niger+227
  • Nigeria+234
  • Niue+683
  • Norfolk Island+672
  • North Korea+850
  • North Macedonia+389
  • Northern Mariana Islands+1
  • Norway+47
  • Oman+968
  • Pakistan+92
  • Palau+680
  • Palestinian Territories+970
  • Panama+507
  • Papua New Guinea+675
  • Paraguay+595
  • Peru+51
  • Philippines+63
  • Poland+48
  • Portugal+351
  • Puerto Rico+1
  • Qatar+974
  • Romania+40
  • Russia+7
  • Rwanda+250
  • Réunion+262
  • Samoa+685
  • San Marino+378
  • Saudi Arabia+966
  • Senegal+221
  • Serbia+381
  • Seychelles+248
  • Sierra Leone+232
  • Singapore+65
  • Sint Maarten+1
  • Slovakia+421
  • Slovenia+386
  • Solomon Islands+677
  • Somalia+252
  • South Africa+27
  • South Korea+82
  • South Sudan+211
  • Spain+34
  • Sri Lanka+94
  • St. Barthélemy+590
  • St. Helena+290
  • St. Kitts & Nevis+1
  • St. Lucia+1
  • St. Martin+590
  • St. Pierre & Miquelon+508
  • St. Vincent & Grenadines+1
  • Sudan+249
  • Suriname+597
  • Svalbard & Jan Mayen+47
  • Sweden+46
  • Switzerland+41
  • Syria+963
  • São Tomé & Príncipe+239
  • Taiwan+886
  • Tajikistan+992
  • Tanzania+255
  • Thailand+66
  • Timor-Leste+670
  • Togo+228
  • Tokelau+690
  • Tonga+676
  • Trinidad & Tobago+1
  • Tunisia+216
  • Turkey+90
  • Turkmenistan+993
  • Turks & Caicos Islands+1
  • Tuvalu+688
  • U.S. Virgin Islands+1
  • Uganda+256
  • Ukraine+380
  • United Arab Emirates+971
  • United Kingdom+44
  • United States+1
  • Uruguay+598
  • Uzbekistan+998
  • Vanuatu+678
  • Vatican City+39
  • Venezuela+58
  • Vietnam+84
  • Wallis & Futuna+681
  • Western Sahara+212
  • Yemen+967
  • Zambia+260
  • Zimbabwe+263
  • Åland Islands+358
Business Radar 2024
Dealmakers 2025
Tax Facts 2024-25
Search by industry