We're a Baker Tilly network member
Learn more
Back to top
New thin capitalisation rules
Webinar

New thin capitalisation rules

The Government will implement new thin capitalisation rules that will operate from 1 July 2023.

The proposed new rules will apply to deny interest deductions for taxpayers with foreign shareholders, or foreign operations, or that are part of multinational groups.

The new rules (as currently drafted) seek to change the basis of acceptable gearing for tax purposes from an asset-based test to an earnings-based test. In an environment of rising interest rates, the new earnings-based approach is likely to have a significant impact on taxpayers, as they will no longer be able to rely on a safe-harbour asset-based gearing ratio.

This webinar covers:

  • Explain how the each of the three new earnings based tests will operate and their impact on the deductibility of interest costs
  • Explore options available under the new rules
  • Consider issues affecting trusts and managed funds
  • Outline potential deficiencies in the current draft rules that Treasury should be considering
  • Identify issues in respect of financing arrangements that need to be considered prior to 1 July 2023

The information presented in this webinar was accurate at the time of recording, 4 April 2023.
This content is general commentary only and does not constitute advice. Before making any decision or taking any action in relation to the content, you should consult your professional advisor. To the maximum extent permitted by law, neither Pitcher Partners or its affiliated entities, nor any of our employees will be liable for any loss, damage, liability or claim whatsoever suffered or incurred arising directly or indirectly out of the use or reliance on the material contained in this content. Pitcher Partners is an association of independent firms. Pitcher Partners is a member of the global network of Baker Tilly International Limited, the members of which are separate and independent legal entities. Liability limited by a scheme approved under professional standards legislation.

Our experts

asdfafsdfa Michael Lane

Michael Lane

Principal

Adelaide


View profile
asdfafsdfa Nigel Fischer

Nigel Fischer

Chairman of Partners

Brisbane


View profile
asdfafsdfa Ashley Davidson

Ashley Davidson

Partner

Melbourne


View profile
asdfafsdfa Peter Lawrence

Peter Lawrence

Partner

Newcastle and Hunter


View profile
asdfafsdfa Leon Mok

Leon Mok

Managing Director

Perth


View profile
asdfafsdfa Howard Badger

Howard Badger

Partner

Sydney


View profile

Pitcher Partners insights

Get the latest Pitcher Partners updates direct to your inbox

Thank you for you interest

How can we help you?

Business or personal advice
  • United States+1
  • United Kingdom+44
  • Afghanistan+93
  • Albania+355
  • Algeria+213
  • American Samoa+1
  • Andorra+376
  • Angola+244
  • Anguilla+1
  • Antigua & Barbuda+1
  • Argentina+54
  • Armenia+374
  • Aruba+297
  • Ascension Island+247
  • Australia+61
  • Austria+43
  • Azerbaijan+994
  • Bahamas+1
  • Bahrain+973
  • Bangladesh+880
  • Barbados+1
  • Belarus+375
  • Belgium+32
  • Belize+501
  • Benin+229
  • Bermuda+1
  • Bhutan+975
  • Bolivia+591
  • Bosnia & Herzegovina+387
  • Botswana+267
  • Brazil+55
  • British Indian Ocean Territory+246
  • British Virgin Islands+1
  • Brunei+673
  • Bulgaria+359
  • Burkina Faso+226
  • Burundi+257
  • Cambodia+855
  • Cameroon+237
  • Canada+1
  • Cape Verde+238
  • Caribbean Netherlands+599
  • Cayman Islands+1
  • Central African Republic+236
  • Chad+235
  • Chile+56
  • China+86
  • Christmas Island+61
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands+61
  • Colombia+57
  • Comoros+269
  • Congo - Brazzaville+242
  • Congo - Kinshasa+243
  • Cook Islands+682
  • Costa Rica+506
  • Croatia+385
  • Cuba+53
  • Curaçao+599
  • Cyprus+357
  • Czechia+420
  • Côte d’Ivoire+225
  • Denmark+45
  • Djibouti+253
  • Dominica+1
  • Dominican Republic+1
  • Ecuador+593
  • Egypt+20
  • El Salvador+503
  • Equatorial Guinea+240
  • Eritrea+291
  • Estonia+372
  • Eswatini+268
  • Ethiopia+251
  • Falkland Islands+500
  • Faroe Islands+298
  • Fiji+679
  • Finland+358
  • France+33
  • French Guiana+594
  • French Polynesia+689
  • Gabon+241
  • Gambia+220
  • Georgia+995
  • Germany+49
  • Ghana+233
  • Gibraltar+350
  • Greece+30
  • Greenland+299
  • Grenada+1
  • Guadeloupe+590
  • Guam+1
  • Guatemala+502
  • Guernsey+44
  • Guinea+224
  • Guinea-Bissau+245
  • Guyana+592
  • Haiti+509
  • Honduras+504
  • Hong Kong SAR China+852
  • Hungary+36
  • Iceland+354
  • India+91
  • Indonesia+62
  • Iran+98
  • Iraq+964
  • Ireland+353
  • Isle of Man+44
  • Israel+972
  • Italy+39
  • Jamaica+1
  • Japan+81
  • Jersey+44
  • Jordan+962
  • Kazakhstan+7
  • Kenya+254
  • Kiribati+686
  • Kosovo+383
  • Kuwait+965
  • Kyrgyzstan+996
  • Laos+856
  • Latvia+371
  • Lebanon+961
  • Lesotho+266
  • Liberia+231
  • Libya+218
  • Liechtenstein+423
  • Lithuania+370
  • Luxembourg+352
  • Macao SAR China+853
  • Madagascar+261
  • Malawi+265
  • Malaysia+60
  • Maldives+960
  • Mali+223
  • Malta+356
  • Marshall Islands+692
  • Martinique+596
  • Mauritania+222
  • Mauritius+230
  • Mayotte+262
  • Mexico+52
  • Micronesia+691
  • Moldova+373
  • Monaco+377
  • Mongolia+976
  • Montenegro+382
  • Montserrat+1
  • Morocco+212
  • Mozambique+258
  • Myanmar (Burma)+95
  • Namibia+264
  • Nauru+674
  • Nepal+977
  • Netherlands+31
  • New Caledonia+687
  • New Zealand+64
  • Nicaragua+505
  • Niger+227
  • Nigeria+234
  • Niue+683
  • Norfolk Island+672
  • North Korea+850
  • North Macedonia+389
  • Northern Mariana Islands+1
  • Norway+47
  • Oman+968
  • Pakistan+92
  • Palau+680
  • Palestinian Territories+970
  • Panama+507
  • Papua New Guinea+675
  • Paraguay+595
  • Peru+51
  • Philippines+63
  • Poland+48
  • Portugal+351
  • Puerto Rico+1
  • Qatar+974
  • Romania+40
  • Russia+7
  • Rwanda+250
  • Réunion+262
  • Samoa+685
  • San Marino+378
  • Saudi Arabia+966
  • Senegal+221
  • Serbia+381
  • Seychelles+248
  • Sierra Leone+232
  • Singapore+65
  • Sint Maarten+1
  • Slovakia+421
  • Slovenia+386
  • Solomon Islands+677
  • Somalia+252
  • South Africa+27
  • South Korea+82
  • South Sudan+211
  • Spain+34
  • Sri Lanka+94
  • St. Barthélemy+590
  • St. Helena+290
  • St. Kitts & Nevis+1
  • St. Lucia+1
  • St. Martin+590
  • St. Pierre & Miquelon+508
  • St. Vincent & Grenadines+1
  • Sudan+249
  • Suriname+597
  • Svalbard & Jan Mayen+47
  • Sweden+46
  • Switzerland+41
  • Syria+963
  • São Tomé & Príncipe+239
  • Taiwan+886
  • Tajikistan+992
  • Tanzania+255
  • Thailand+66
  • Timor-Leste+670
  • Togo+228
  • Tokelau+690
  • Tonga+676
  • Trinidad & Tobago+1
  • Tunisia+216
  • Turkey+90
  • Turkmenistan+993
  • Turks & Caicos Islands+1
  • Tuvalu+688
  • U.S. Virgin Islands+1
  • Uganda+256
  • Ukraine+380
  • United Arab Emirates+971
  • United Kingdom+44
  • United States+1
  • Uruguay+598
  • Uzbekistan+998
  • Vanuatu+678
  • Vatican City+39
  • Venezuela+58
  • Vietnam+84
  • Wallis & Futuna+681
  • Western Sahara+212
  • Yemen+967
  • Zambia+260
  • Zimbabwe+263
  • Åland Islands+358
General information
  • United States+1
  • United Kingdom+44
  • Afghanistan+93
  • Albania+355
  • Algeria+213
  • American Samoa+1
  • Andorra+376
  • Angola+244
  • Anguilla+1
  • Antigua & Barbuda+1
  • Argentina+54
  • Armenia+374
  • Aruba+297
  • Ascension Island+247
  • Australia+61
  • Austria+43
  • Azerbaijan+994
  • Bahamas+1
  • Bahrain+973
  • Bangladesh+880
  • Barbados+1
  • Belarus+375
  • Belgium+32
  • Belize+501
  • Benin+229
  • Bermuda+1
  • Bhutan+975
  • Bolivia+591
  • Bosnia & Herzegovina+387
  • Botswana+267
  • Brazil+55
  • British Indian Ocean Territory+246
  • British Virgin Islands+1
  • Brunei+673
  • Bulgaria+359
  • Burkina Faso+226
  • Burundi+257
  • Cambodia+855
  • Cameroon+237
  • Canada+1
  • Cape Verde+238
  • Caribbean Netherlands+599
  • Cayman Islands+1
  • Central African Republic+236
  • Chad+235
  • Chile+56
  • China+86
  • Christmas Island+61
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands+61
  • Colombia+57
  • Comoros+269
  • Congo - Brazzaville+242
  • Congo - Kinshasa+243
  • Cook Islands+682
  • Costa Rica+506
  • Croatia+385
  • Cuba+53
  • Curaçao+599
  • Cyprus+357
  • Czechia+420
  • Côte d’Ivoire+225
  • Denmark+45
  • Djibouti+253
  • Dominica+1
  • Dominican Republic+1
  • Ecuador+593
  • Egypt+20
  • El Salvador+503
  • Equatorial Guinea+240
  • Eritrea+291
  • Estonia+372
  • Eswatini+268
  • Ethiopia+251
  • Falkland Islands+500
  • Faroe Islands+298
  • Fiji+679
  • Finland+358
  • France+33
  • French Guiana+594
  • French Polynesia+689
  • Gabon+241
  • Gambia+220
  • Georgia+995
  • Germany+49
  • Ghana+233
  • Gibraltar+350
  • Greece+30
  • Greenland+299
  • Grenada+1
  • Guadeloupe+590
  • Guam+1
  • Guatemala+502
  • Guernsey+44
  • Guinea+224
  • Guinea-Bissau+245
  • Guyana+592
  • Haiti+509
  • Honduras+504
  • Hong Kong SAR China+852
  • Hungary+36
  • Iceland+354
  • India+91
  • Indonesia+62
  • Iran+98
  • Iraq+964
  • Ireland+353
  • Isle of Man+44
  • Israel+972
  • Italy+39
  • Jamaica+1
  • Japan+81
  • Jersey+44
  • Jordan+962
  • Kazakhstan+7
  • Kenya+254
  • Kiribati+686
  • Kosovo+383
  • Kuwait+965
  • Kyrgyzstan+996
  • Laos+856
  • Latvia+371
  • Lebanon+961
  • Lesotho+266
  • Liberia+231
  • Libya+218
  • Liechtenstein+423
  • Lithuania+370
  • Luxembourg+352
  • Macao SAR China+853
  • Madagascar+261
  • Malawi+265
  • Malaysia+60
  • Maldives+960
  • Mali+223
  • Malta+356
  • Marshall Islands+692
  • Martinique+596
  • Mauritania+222
  • Mauritius+230
  • Mayotte+262
  • Mexico+52
  • Micronesia+691
  • Moldova+373
  • Monaco+377
  • Mongolia+976
  • Montenegro+382
  • Montserrat+1
  • Morocco+212
  • Mozambique+258
  • Myanmar (Burma)+95
  • Namibia+264
  • Nauru+674
  • Nepal+977
  • Netherlands+31
  • New Caledonia+687
  • New Zealand+64
  • Nicaragua+505
  • Niger+227
  • Nigeria+234
  • Niue+683
  • Norfolk Island+672
  • North Korea+850
  • North Macedonia+389
  • Northern Mariana Islands+1
  • Norway+47
  • Oman+968
  • Pakistan+92
  • Palau+680
  • Palestinian Territories+970
  • Panama+507
  • Papua New Guinea+675
  • Paraguay+595
  • Peru+51
  • Philippines+63
  • Poland+48
  • Portugal+351
  • Puerto Rico+1
  • Qatar+974
  • Romania+40
  • Russia+7
  • Rwanda+250
  • Réunion+262
  • Samoa+685
  • San Marino+378
  • Saudi Arabia+966
  • Senegal+221
  • Serbia+381
  • Seychelles+248
  • Sierra Leone+232
  • Singapore+65
  • Sint Maarten+1
  • Slovakia+421
  • Slovenia+386
  • Solomon Islands+677
  • Somalia+252
  • South Africa+27
  • South Korea+82
  • South Sudan+211
  • Spain+34
  • Sri Lanka+94
  • St. Barthélemy+590
  • St. Helena+290
  • St. Kitts & Nevis+1
  • St. Lucia+1
  • St. Martin+590
  • St. Pierre & Miquelon+508
  • St. Vincent & Grenadines+1
  • Sudan+249
  • Suriname+597
  • Svalbard & Jan Mayen+47
  • Sweden+46
  • Switzerland+41
  • Syria+963
  • São Tomé & Príncipe+239
  • Taiwan+886
  • Tajikistan+992
  • Tanzania+255
  • Thailand+66
  • Timor-Leste+670
  • Togo+228
  • Tokelau+690
  • Tonga+676
  • Trinidad & Tobago+1
  • Tunisia+216
  • Turkey+90
  • Turkmenistan+993
  • Turks & Caicos Islands+1
  • Tuvalu+688
  • U.S. Virgin Islands+1
  • Uganda+256
  • Ukraine+380
  • United Arab Emirates+971
  • United Kingdom+44
  • United States+1
  • Uruguay+598
  • Uzbekistan+998
  • Vanuatu+678
  • Vatican City+39
  • Venezuela+58
  • Vietnam+84
  • Wallis & Futuna+681
  • Western Sahara+212
  • Yemen+967
  • Zambia+260
  • Zimbabwe+263
  • Åland Islands+358
Career information
  • United States+1
  • United Kingdom+44
  • Afghanistan+93
  • Albania+355
  • Algeria+213
  • American Samoa+1
  • Andorra+376
  • Angola+244
  • Anguilla+1
  • Antigua & Barbuda+1
  • Argentina+54
  • Armenia+374
  • Aruba+297
  • Ascension Island+247
  • Australia+61
  • Austria+43
  • Azerbaijan+994
  • Bahamas+1
  • Bahrain+973
  • Bangladesh+880
  • Barbados+1
  • Belarus+375
  • Belgium+32
  • Belize+501
  • Benin+229
  • Bermuda+1
  • Bhutan+975
  • Bolivia+591
  • Bosnia & Herzegovina+387
  • Botswana+267
  • Brazil+55
  • British Indian Ocean Territory+246
  • British Virgin Islands+1
  • Brunei+673
  • Bulgaria+359
  • Burkina Faso+226
  • Burundi+257
  • Cambodia+855
  • Cameroon+237
  • Canada+1
  • Cape Verde+238
  • Caribbean Netherlands+599
  • Cayman Islands+1
  • Central African Republic+236
  • Chad+235
  • Chile+56
  • China+86
  • Christmas Island+61
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands+61
  • Colombia+57
  • Comoros+269
  • Congo - Brazzaville+242
  • Congo - Kinshasa+243
  • Cook Islands+682
  • Costa Rica+506
  • Croatia+385
  • Cuba+53
  • Curaçao+599
  • Cyprus+357
  • Czechia+420
  • Côte d’Ivoire+225
  • Denmark+45
  • Djibouti+253
  • Dominica+1
  • Dominican Republic+1
  • Ecuador+593
  • Egypt+20
  • El Salvador+503
  • Equatorial Guinea+240
  • Eritrea+291
  • Estonia+372
  • Eswatini+268
  • Ethiopia+251
  • Falkland Islands+500
  • Faroe Islands+298
  • Fiji+679
  • Finland+358
  • France+33
  • French Guiana+594
  • French Polynesia+689
  • Gabon+241
  • Gambia+220
  • Georgia+995
  • Germany+49
  • Ghana+233
  • Gibraltar+350
  • Greece+30
  • Greenland+299
  • Grenada+1
  • Guadeloupe+590
  • Guam+1
  • Guatemala+502
  • Guernsey+44
  • Guinea+224
  • Guinea-Bissau+245
  • Guyana+592
  • Haiti+509
  • Honduras+504
  • Hong Kong SAR China+852
  • Hungary+36
  • Iceland+354
  • India+91
  • Indonesia+62
  • Iran+98
  • Iraq+964
  • Ireland+353
  • Isle of Man+44
  • Israel+972
  • Italy+39
  • Jamaica+1
  • Japan+81
  • Jersey+44
  • Jordan+962
  • Kazakhstan+7
  • Kenya+254
  • Kiribati+686
  • Kosovo+383
  • Kuwait+965
  • Kyrgyzstan+996
  • Laos+856
  • Latvia+371
  • Lebanon+961
  • Lesotho+266
  • Liberia+231
  • Libya+218
  • Liechtenstein+423
  • Lithuania+370
  • Luxembourg+352
  • Macao SAR China+853
  • Madagascar+261
  • Malawi+265
  • Malaysia+60
  • Maldives+960
  • Mali+223
  • Malta+356
  • Marshall Islands+692
  • Martinique+596
  • Mauritania+222
  • Mauritius+230
  • Mayotte+262
  • Mexico+52
  • Micronesia+691
  • Moldova+373
  • Monaco+377
  • Mongolia+976
  • Montenegro+382
  • Montserrat+1
  • Morocco+212
  • Mozambique+258
  • Myanmar (Burma)+95
  • Namibia+264
  • Nauru+674
  • Nepal+977
  • Netherlands+31
  • New Caledonia+687
  • New Zealand+64
  • Nicaragua+505
  • Niger+227
  • Nigeria+234
  • Niue+683
  • Norfolk Island+672
  • North Korea+850
  • North Macedonia+389
  • Northern Mariana Islands+1
  • Norway+47
  • Oman+968
  • Pakistan+92
  • Palau+680
  • Palestinian Territories+970
  • Panama+507
  • Papua New Guinea+675
  • Paraguay+595
  • Peru+51
  • Philippines+63
  • Poland+48
  • Portugal+351
  • Puerto Rico+1
  • Qatar+974
  • Romania+40
  • Russia+7
  • Rwanda+250
  • Réunion+262
  • Samoa+685
  • San Marino+378
  • Saudi Arabia+966
  • Senegal+221
  • Serbia+381
  • Seychelles+248
  • Sierra Leone+232
  • Singapore+65
  • Sint Maarten+1
  • Slovakia+421
  • Slovenia+386
  • Solomon Islands+677
  • Somalia+252
  • South Africa+27
  • South Korea+82
  • South Sudan+211
  • Spain+34
  • Sri Lanka+94
  • St. Barthélemy+590
  • St. Helena+290
  • St. Kitts & Nevis+1
  • St. Lucia+1
  • St. Martin+590
  • St. Pierre & Miquelon+508
  • St. Vincent & Grenadines+1
  • Sudan+249
  • Suriname+597
  • Svalbard & Jan Mayen+47
  • Sweden+46
  • Switzerland+41
  • Syria+963
  • São Tomé & Príncipe+239
  • Taiwan+886
  • Tajikistan+992
  • Tanzania+255
  • Thailand+66
  • Timor-Leste+670
  • Togo+228
  • Tokelau+690
  • Tonga+676
  • Trinidad & Tobago+1
  • Tunisia+216
  • Turkey+90
  • Turkmenistan+993
  • Turks & Caicos Islands+1
  • Tuvalu+688
  • U.S. Virgin Islands+1
  • Uganda+256
  • Ukraine+380
  • United Arab Emirates+971
  • United Kingdom+44
  • United States+1
  • Uruguay+598
  • Uzbekistan+998
  • Vanuatu+678
  • Vatican City+39
  • Venezuela+58
  • Vietnam+84
  • Wallis & Futuna+681
  • Western Sahara+212
  • Yemen+967
  • Zambia+260
  • Zimbabwe+263
  • Åland Islands+358
Media enquiries
  • United States+1
  • United Kingdom+44
  • Afghanistan+93
  • Albania+355
  • Algeria+213
  • American Samoa+1
  • Andorra+376
  • Angola+244
  • Anguilla+1
  • Antigua & Barbuda+1
  • Argentina+54
  • Armenia+374
  • Aruba+297
  • Ascension Island+247
  • Australia+61
  • Austria+43
  • Azerbaijan+994
  • Bahamas+1
  • Bahrain+973
  • Bangladesh+880
  • Barbados+1
  • Belarus+375
  • Belgium+32
  • Belize+501
  • Benin+229
  • Bermuda+1
  • Bhutan+975
  • Bolivia+591
  • Bosnia & Herzegovina+387
  • Botswana+267
  • Brazil+55
  • British Indian Ocean Territory+246
  • British Virgin Islands+1
  • Brunei+673
  • Bulgaria+359
  • Burkina Faso+226
  • Burundi+257
  • Cambodia+855
  • Cameroon+237
  • Canada+1
  • Cape Verde+238
  • Caribbean Netherlands+599
  • Cayman Islands+1
  • Central African Republic+236
  • Chad+235
  • Chile+56
  • China+86
  • Christmas Island+61
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands+61
  • Colombia+57
  • Comoros+269
  • Congo - Brazzaville+242
  • Congo - Kinshasa+243
  • Cook Islands+682
  • Costa Rica+506
  • Croatia+385
  • Cuba+53
  • Curaçao+599
  • Cyprus+357
  • Czechia+420
  • Côte d’Ivoire+225
  • Denmark+45
  • Djibouti+253
  • Dominica+1
  • Dominican Republic+1
  • Ecuador+593
  • Egypt+20
  • El Salvador+503
  • Equatorial Guinea+240
  • Eritrea+291
  • Estonia+372
  • Eswatini+268
  • Ethiopia+251
  • Falkland Islands+500
  • Faroe Islands+298
  • Fiji+679
  • Finland+358
  • France+33
  • French Guiana+594
  • French Polynesia+689
  • Gabon+241
  • Gambia+220
  • Georgia+995
  • Germany+49
  • Ghana+233
  • Gibraltar+350
  • Greece+30
  • Greenland+299
  • Grenada+1
  • Guadeloupe+590
  • Guam+1
  • Guatemala+502
  • Guernsey+44
  • Guinea+224
  • Guinea-Bissau+245
  • Guyana+592
  • Haiti+509
  • Honduras+504
  • Hong Kong SAR China+852
  • Hungary+36
  • Iceland+354
  • India+91
  • Indonesia+62
  • Iran+98
  • Iraq+964
  • Ireland+353
  • Isle of Man+44
  • Israel+972
  • Italy+39
  • Jamaica+1
  • Japan+81
  • Jersey+44
  • Jordan+962
  • Kazakhstan+7
  • Kenya+254
  • Kiribati+686
  • Kosovo+383
  • Kuwait+965
  • Kyrgyzstan+996
  • Laos+856
  • Latvia+371
  • Lebanon+961
  • Lesotho+266
  • Liberia+231
  • Libya+218
  • Liechtenstein+423
  • Lithuania+370
  • Luxembourg+352
  • Macao SAR China+853
  • Madagascar+261
  • Malawi+265
  • Malaysia+60
  • Maldives+960
  • Mali+223
  • Malta+356
  • Marshall Islands+692
  • Martinique+596
  • Mauritania+222
  • Mauritius+230
  • Mayotte+262
  • Mexico+52
  • Micronesia+691
  • Moldova+373
  • Monaco+377
  • Mongolia+976
  • Montenegro+382
  • Montserrat+1
  • Morocco+212
  • Mozambique+258
  • Myanmar (Burma)+95
  • Namibia+264
  • Nauru+674
  • Nepal+977
  • Netherlands+31
  • New Caledonia+687
  • New Zealand+64
  • Nicaragua+505
  • Niger+227
  • Nigeria+234
  • Niue+683
  • Norfolk Island+672
  • North Korea+850
  • North Macedonia+389
  • Northern Mariana Islands+1
  • Norway+47
  • Oman+968
  • Pakistan+92
  • Palau+680
  • Palestinian Territories+970
  • Panama+507
  • Papua New Guinea+675
  • Paraguay+595
  • Peru+51
  • Philippines+63
  • Poland+48
  • Portugal+351
  • Puerto Rico+1
  • Qatar+974
  • Romania+40
  • Russia+7
  • Rwanda+250
  • Réunion+262
  • Samoa+685
  • San Marino+378
  • Saudi Arabia+966
  • Senegal+221
  • Serbia+381
  • Seychelles+248
  • Sierra Leone+232
  • Singapore+65
  • Sint Maarten+1
  • Slovakia+421
  • Slovenia+386
  • Solomon Islands+677
  • Somalia+252
  • South Africa+27
  • South Korea+82
  • South Sudan+211
  • Spain+34
  • Sri Lanka+94
  • St. Barthélemy+590
  • St. Helena+290
  • St. Kitts & Nevis+1
  • St. Lucia+1
  • St. Martin+590
  • St. Pierre & Miquelon+508
  • St. Vincent & Grenadines+1
  • Sudan+249
  • Suriname+597
  • Svalbard & Jan Mayen+47
  • Sweden+46
  • Switzerland+41
  • Syria+963
  • São Tomé & Príncipe+239
  • Taiwan+886
  • Tajikistan+992
  • Tanzania+255
  • Thailand+66
  • Timor-Leste+670
  • Togo+228
  • Tokelau+690
  • Tonga+676
  • Trinidad & Tobago+1
  • Tunisia+216
  • Turkey+90
  • Turkmenistan+993
  • Turks & Caicos Islands+1
  • Tuvalu+688
  • U.S. Virgin Islands+1
  • Uganda+256
  • Ukraine+380
  • United Arab Emirates+971
  • United Kingdom+44
  • United States+1
  • Uruguay+598
  • Uzbekistan+998
  • Vanuatu+678
  • Vatican City+39
  • Venezuela+58
  • Vietnam+84
  • Wallis & Futuna+681
  • Western Sahara+212
  • Yemen+967
  • Zambia+260
  • Zimbabwe+263
  • Åland Islands+358
Contact expert
  • United States+1
  • United Kingdom+44
  • Afghanistan+93
  • Albania+355
  • Algeria+213
  • American Samoa+1
  • Andorra+376
  • Angola+244
  • Anguilla+1
  • Antigua & Barbuda+1
  • Argentina+54
  • Armenia+374
  • Aruba+297
  • Ascension Island+247
  • Australia+61
  • Austria+43
  • Azerbaijan+994
  • Bahamas+1
  • Bahrain+973
  • Bangladesh+880
  • Barbados+1
  • Belarus+375
  • Belgium+32
  • Belize+501
  • Benin+229
  • Bermuda+1
  • Bhutan+975
  • Bolivia+591
  • Bosnia & Herzegovina+387
  • Botswana+267
  • Brazil+55
  • British Indian Ocean Territory+246
  • British Virgin Islands+1
  • Brunei+673
  • Bulgaria+359
  • Burkina Faso+226
  • Burundi+257
  • Cambodia+855
  • Cameroon+237
  • Canada+1
  • Cape Verde+238
  • Caribbean Netherlands+599
  • Cayman Islands+1
  • Central African Republic+236
  • Chad+235
  • Chile+56
  • China+86
  • Christmas Island+61
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands+61
  • Colombia+57
  • Comoros+269
  • Congo - Brazzaville+242
  • Congo - Kinshasa+243
  • Cook Islands+682
  • Costa Rica+506
  • Croatia+385
  • Cuba+53
  • Curaçao+599
  • Cyprus+357
  • Czechia+420
  • Côte d’Ivoire+225
  • Denmark+45
  • Djibouti+253
  • Dominica+1
  • Dominican Republic+1
  • Ecuador+593
  • Egypt+20
  • El Salvador+503
  • Equatorial Guinea+240
  • Eritrea+291
  • Estonia+372
  • Eswatini+268
  • Ethiopia+251
  • Falkland Islands+500
  • Faroe Islands+298
  • Fiji+679
  • Finland+358
  • France+33
  • French Guiana+594
  • French Polynesia+689
  • Gabon+241
  • Gambia+220
  • Georgia+995
  • Germany+49
  • Ghana+233
  • Gibraltar+350
  • Greece+30
  • Greenland+299
  • Grenada+1
  • Guadeloupe+590
  • Guam+1
  • Guatemala+502
  • Guernsey+44
  • Guinea+224
  • Guinea-Bissau+245
  • Guyana+592
  • Haiti+509
  • Honduras+504
  • Hong Kong SAR China+852
  • Hungary+36
  • Iceland+354
  • India+91
  • Indonesia+62
  • Iran+98
  • Iraq+964
  • Ireland+353
  • Isle of Man+44
  • Israel+972
  • Italy+39
  • Jamaica+1
  • Japan+81
  • Jersey+44
  • Jordan+962
  • Kazakhstan+7
  • Kenya+254
  • Kiribati+686
  • Kosovo+383
  • Kuwait+965
  • Kyrgyzstan+996
  • Laos+856
  • Latvia+371
  • Lebanon+961
  • Lesotho+266
  • Liberia+231
  • Libya+218
  • Liechtenstein+423
  • Lithuania+370
  • Luxembourg+352
  • Macao SAR China+853
  • Madagascar+261
  • Malawi+265
  • Malaysia+60
  • Maldives+960
  • Mali+223
  • Malta+356
  • Marshall Islands+692
  • Martinique+596
  • Mauritania+222
  • Mauritius+230
  • Mayotte+262
  • Mexico+52
  • Micronesia+691
  • Moldova+373
  • Monaco+377
  • Mongolia+976
  • Montenegro+382
  • Montserrat+1
  • Morocco+212
  • Mozambique+258
  • Myanmar (Burma)+95
  • Namibia+264
  • Nauru+674
  • Nepal+977
  • Netherlands+31
  • New Caledonia+687
  • New Zealand+64
  • Nicaragua+505
  • Niger+227
  • Nigeria+234
  • Niue+683
  • Norfolk Island+672
  • North Korea+850
  • North Macedonia+389
  • Northern Mariana Islands+1
  • Norway+47
  • Oman+968
  • Pakistan+92
  • Palau+680
  • Palestinian Territories+970
  • Panama+507
  • Papua New Guinea+675
  • Paraguay+595
  • Peru+51
  • Philippines+63
  • Poland+48
  • Portugal+351
  • Puerto Rico+1
  • Qatar+974
  • Romania+40
  • Russia+7
  • Rwanda+250
  • Réunion+262
  • Samoa+685
  • San Marino+378
  • Saudi Arabia+966
  • Senegal+221
  • Serbia+381
  • Seychelles+248
  • Sierra Leone+232
  • Singapore+65
  • Sint Maarten+1
  • Slovakia+421
  • Slovenia+386
  • Solomon Islands+677
  • Somalia+252
  • South Africa+27
  • South Korea+82
  • South Sudan+211
  • Spain+34
  • Sri Lanka+94
  • St. Barthélemy+590
  • St. Helena+290
  • St. Kitts & Nevis+1
  • St. Lucia+1
  • St. Martin+590
  • St. Pierre & Miquelon+508
  • St. Vincent & Grenadines+1
  • Sudan+249
  • Suriname+597
  • Svalbard & Jan Mayen+47
  • Sweden+46
  • Switzerland+41
  • Syria+963
  • São Tomé & Príncipe+239
  • Taiwan+886
  • Tajikistan+992
  • Tanzania+255
  • Thailand+66
  • Timor-Leste+670
  • Togo+228
  • Tokelau+690
  • Tonga+676
  • Trinidad & Tobago+1
  • Tunisia+216
  • Turkey+90
  • Turkmenistan+993
  • Turks & Caicos Islands+1
  • Tuvalu+688
  • U.S. Virgin Islands+1
  • Uganda+256
  • Ukraine+380
  • United Arab Emirates+971
  • United Kingdom+44
  • United States+1
  • Uruguay+598
  • Uzbekistan+998
  • Vanuatu+678
  • Vatican City+39
  • Venezuela+58
  • Vietnam+84
  • Wallis & Futuna+681
  • Western Sahara+212
  • Yemen+967
  • Zambia+260
  • Zimbabwe+263
  • Åland Islands+358
Become a member
  • United States+1
  • United Kingdom+44
  • Afghanistan+93
  • Albania+355
  • Algeria+213
  • American Samoa+1
  • Andorra+376
  • Angola+244
  • Anguilla+1
  • Antigua & Barbuda+1
  • Argentina+54
  • Armenia+374
  • Aruba+297
  • Ascension Island+247
  • Australia+61
  • Austria+43
  • Azerbaijan+994
  • Bahamas+1
  • Bahrain+973
  • Bangladesh+880
  • Barbados+1
  • Belarus+375
  • Belgium+32
  • Belize+501
  • Benin+229
  • Bermuda+1
  • Bhutan+975
  • Bolivia+591
  • Bosnia & Herzegovina+387
  • Botswana+267
  • Brazil+55
  • British Indian Ocean Territory+246
  • British Virgin Islands+1
  • Brunei+673
  • Bulgaria+359
  • Burkina Faso+226
  • Burundi+257
  • Cambodia+855
  • Cameroon+237
  • Canada+1
  • Cape Verde+238
  • Caribbean Netherlands+599
  • Cayman Islands+1
  • Central African Republic+236
  • Chad+235
  • Chile+56
  • China+86
  • Christmas Island+61
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands+61
  • Colombia+57
  • Comoros+269
  • Congo - Brazzaville+242
  • Congo - Kinshasa+243
  • Cook Islands+682
  • Costa Rica+506
  • Croatia+385
  • Cuba+53
  • Curaçao+599
  • Cyprus+357
  • Czechia+420
  • Côte d’Ivoire+225
  • Denmark+45
  • Djibouti+253
  • Dominica+1
  • Dominican Republic+1
  • Ecuador+593
  • Egypt+20
  • El Salvador+503
  • Equatorial Guinea+240
  • Eritrea+291
  • Estonia+372
  • Eswatini+268
  • Ethiopia+251
  • Falkland Islands+500
  • Faroe Islands+298
  • Fiji+679
  • Finland+358
  • France+33
  • French Guiana+594
  • French Polynesia+689
  • Gabon+241
  • Gambia+220
  • Georgia+995
  • Germany+49
  • Ghana+233
  • Gibraltar+350
  • Greece+30
  • Greenland+299
  • Grenada+1
  • Guadeloupe+590
  • Guam+1
  • Guatemala+502
  • Guernsey+44
  • Guinea+224
  • Guinea-Bissau+245
  • Guyana+592
  • Haiti+509
  • Honduras+504
  • Hong Kong SAR China+852
  • Hungary+36
  • Iceland+354
  • India+91
  • Indonesia+62
  • Iran+98
  • Iraq+964
  • Ireland+353
  • Isle of Man+44
  • Israel+972
  • Italy+39
  • Jamaica+1
  • Japan+81
  • Jersey+44
  • Jordan+962
  • Kazakhstan+7
  • Kenya+254
  • Kiribati+686
  • Kosovo+383
  • Kuwait+965
  • Kyrgyzstan+996
  • Laos+856
  • Latvia+371
  • Lebanon+961
  • Lesotho+266
  • Liberia+231
  • Libya+218
  • Liechtenstein+423
  • Lithuania+370
  • Luxembourg+352
  • Macao SAR China+853
  • Madagascar+261
  • Malawi+265
  • Malaysia+60
  • Maldives+960
  • Mali+223
  • Malta+356
  • Marshall Islands+692
  • Martinique+596
  • Mauritania+222
  • Mauritius+230
  • Mayotte+262
  • Mexico+52
  • Micronesia+691
  • Moldova+373
  • Monaco+377
  • Mongolia+976
  • Montenegro+382
  • Montserrat+1
  • Morocco+212
  • Mozambique+258
  • Myanmar (Burma)+95
  • Namibia+264
  • Nauru+674
  • Nepal+977
  • Netherlands+31
  • New Caledonia+687
  • New Zealand+64
  • Nicaragua+505
  • Niger+227
  • Nigeria+234
  • Niue+683
  • Norfolk Island+672
  • North Korea+850
  • North Macedonia+389
  • Northern Mariana Islands+1
  • Norway+47
  • Oman+968
  • Pakistan+92
  • Palau+680
  • Palestinian Territories+970
  • Panama+507
  • Papua New Guinea+675
  • Paraguay+595
  • Peru+51
  • Philippines+63
  • Poland+48
  • Portugal+351
  • Puerto Rico+1
  • Qatar+974
  • Romania+40
  • Russia+7
  • Rwanda+250
  • Réunion+262
  • Samoa+685
  • San Marino+378
  • Saudi Arabia+966
  • Senegal+221
  • Serbia+381
  • Seychelles+248
  • Sierra Leone+232
  • Singapore+65
  • Sint Maarten+1
  • Slovakia+421
  • Slovenia+386
  • Solomon Islands+677
  • Somalia+252
  • South Africa+27
  • South Korea+82
  • South Sudan+211
  • Spain+34
  • Sri Lanka+94
  • St. Barthélemy+590
  • St. Helena+290
  • St. Kitts & Nevis+1
  • St. Lucia+1
  • St. Martin+590
  • St. Pierre & Miquelon+508
  • St. Vincent & Grenadines+1
  • Sudan+249
  • Suriname+597
  • Svalbard & Jan Mayen+47
  • Sweden+46
  • Switzerland+41
  • Syria+963
  • São Tomé & Príncipe+239
  • Taiwan+886
  • Tajikistan+992
  • Tanzania+255
  • Thailand+66
  • Timor-Leste+670
  • Togo+228
  • Tokelau+690
  • Tonga+676
  • Trinidad & Tobago+1
  • Tunisia+216
  • Turkey+90
  • Turkmenistan+993
  • Turks & Caicos Islands+1
  • Tuvalu+688
  • U.S. Virgin Islands+1
  • Uganda+256
  • Ukraine+380
  • United Arab Emirates+971
  • United Kingdom+44
  • United States+1
  • Uruguay+598
  • Uzbekistan+998
  • Vanuatu+678
  • Vatican City+39
  • Venezuela+58
  • Vietnam+84
  • Wallis & Futuna+681
  • Western Sahara+212
  • Yemen+967
  • Zambia+260
  • Zimbabwe+263
  • Åland Islands+358
  • United States+1
  • United Kingdom+44
  • Afghanistan+93
  • Albania+355
  • Algeria+213
  • American Samoa+1
  • Andorra+376
  • Angola+244
  • Anguilla+1
  • Antigua & Barbuda+1
  • Argentina+54
  • Armenia+374
  • Aruba+297
  • Ascension Island+247
  • Australia+61
  • Austria+43
  • Azerbaijan+994
  • Bahamas+1
  • Bahrain+973
  • Bangladesh+880
  • Barbados+1
  • Belarus+375
  • Belgium+32
  • Belize+501
  • Benin+229
  • Bermuda+1
  • Bhutan+975
  • Bolivia+591
  • Bosnia & Herzegovina+387
  • Botswana+267
  • Brazil+55
  • British Indian Ocean Territory+246
  • British Virgin Islands+1
  • Brunei+673
  • Bulgaria+359
  • Burkina Faso+226
  • Burundi+257
  • Cambodia+855
  • Cameroon+237
  • Canada+1
  • Cape Verde+238
  • Caribbean Netherlands+599
  • Cayman Islands+1
  • Central African Republic+236
  • Chad+235
  • Chile+56
  • China+86
  • Christmas Island+61
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands+61
  • Colombia+57
  • Comoros+269
  • Congo - Brazzaville+242
  • Congo - Kinshasa+243
  • Cook Islands+682
  • Costa Rica+506
  • Croatia+385
  • Cuba+53
  • Curaçao+599
  • Cyprus+357
  • Czechia+420
  • Côte d’Ivoire+225
  • Denmark+45
  • Djibouti+253
  • Dominica+1
  • Dominican Republic+1
  • Ecuador+593
  • Egypt+20
  • El Salvador+503
  • Equatorial Guinea+240
  • Eritrea+291
  • Estonia+372
  • Eswatini+268
  • Ethiopia+251
  • Falkland Islands+500
  • Faroe Islands+298
  • Fiji+679
  • Finland+358
  • France+33
  • French Guiana+594
  • French Polynesia+689
  • Gabon+241
  • Gambia+220
  • Georgia+995
  • Germany+49
  • Ghana+233
  • Gibraltar+350
  • Greece+30
  • Greenland+299
  • Grenada+1
  • Guadeloupe+590
  • Guam+1
  • Guatemala+502
  • Guernsey+44
  • Guinea+224
  • Guinea-Bissau+245
  • Guyana+592
  • Haiti+509
  • Honduras+504
  • Hong Kong SAR China+852
  • Hungary+36
  • Iceland+354
  • India+91
  • Indonesia+62
  • Iran+98
  • Iraq+964
  • Ireland+353
  • Isle of Man+44
  • Israel+972
  • Italy+39
  • Jamaica+1
  • Japan+81
  • Jersey+44
  • Jordan+962
  • Kazakhstan+7
  • Kenya+254
  • Kiribati+686
  • Kosovo+383
  • Kuwait+965
  • Kyrgyzstan+996
  • Laos+856
  • Latvia+371
  • Lebanon+961
  • Lesotho+266
  • Liberia+231
  • Libya+218
  • Liechtenstein+423
  • Lithuania+370
  • Luxembourg+352
  • Macao SAR China+853
  • Madagascar+261
  • Malawi+265
  • Malaysia+60
  • Maldives+960
  • Mali+223
  • Malta+356
  • Marshall Islands+692
  • Martinique+596
  • Mauritania+222
  • Mauritius+230
  • Mayotte+262
  • Mexico+52
  • Micronesia+691
  • Moldova+373
  • Monaco+377
  • Mongolia+976
  • Montenegro+382
  • Montserrat+1
  • Morocco+212
  • Mozambique+258
  • Myanmar (Burma)+95
  • Namibia+264
  • Nauru+674
  • Nepal+977
  • Netherlands+31
  • New Caledonia+687
  • New Zealand+64
  • Nicaragua+505
  • Niger+227
  • Nigeria+234
  • Niue+683
  • Norfolk Island+672
  • North Korea+850
  • North Macedonia+389
  • Northern Mariana Islands+1
  • Norway+47
  • Oman+968
  • Pakistan+92
  • Palau+680
  • Palestinian Territories+970
  • Panama+507
  • Papua New Guinea+675
  • Paraguay+595
  • Peru+51
  • Philippines+63
  • Poland+48
  • Portugal+351
  • Puerto Rico+1
  • Qatar+974
  • Romania+40
  • Russia+7
  • Rwanda+250
  • Réunion+262
  • Samoa+685
  • San Marino+378
  • Saudi Arabia+966
  • Senegal+221
  • Serbia+381
  • Seychelles+248
  • Sierra Leone+232
  • Singapore+65
  • Sint Maarten+1
  • Slovakia+421
  • Slovenia+386
  • Solomon Islands+677
  • Somalia+252
  • South Africa+27
  • South Korea+82
  • South Sudan+211
  • Spain+34
  • Sri Lanka+94
  • St. Barthélemy+590
  • St. Helena+290
  • St. Kitts & Nevis+1
  • St. Lucia+1
  • St. Martin+590
  • St. Pierre & Miquelon+508
  • St. Vincent & Grenadines+1
  • Sudan+249
  • Suriname+597
  • Svalbard & Jan Mayen+47
  • Sweden+46
  • Switzerland+41
  • Syria+963
  • São Tomé & Príncipe+239
  • Taiwan+886
  • Tajikistan+992
  • Tanzania+255
  • Thailand+66
  • Timor-Leste+670
  • Togo+228
  • Tokelau+690
  • Tonga+676
  • Trinidad & Tobago+1
  • Tunisia+216
  • Turkey+90
  • Turkmenistan+993
  • Turks & Caicos Islands+1
  • Tuvalu+688
  • U.S. Virgin Islands+1
  • Uganda+256
  • Ukraine+380
  • United Arab Emirates+971
  • United Kingdom+44
  • United States+1
  • Uruguay+598
  • Uzbekistan+998
  • Vanuatu+678
  • Vatican City+39
  • Venezuela+58
  • Vietnam+84
  • Wallis & Futuna+681
  • Western Sahara+212
  • Yemen+967
  • Zambia+260
  • Zimbabwe+263
  • Åland Islands+358
Specialist query
  • United States+1
  • United Kingdom+44
  • Afghanistan+93
  • Albania+355
  • Algeria+213
  • American Samoa+1
  • Andorra+376
  • Angola+244
  • Anguilla+1
  • Antigua & Barbuda+1
  • Argentina+54
  • Armenia+374
  • Aruba+297
  • Ascension Island+247
  • Australia+61
  • Austria+43
  • Azerbaijan+994
  • Bahamas+1
  • Bahrain+973
  • Bangladesh+880
  • Barbados+1
  • Belarus+375
  • Belgium+32
  • Belize+501
  • Benin+229
  • Bermuda+1
  • Bhutan+975
  • Bolivia+591
  • Bosnia & Herzegovina+387
  • Botswana+267
  • Brazil+55
  • British Indian Ocean Territory+246
  • British Virgin Islands+1
  • Brunei+673
  • Bulgaria+359
  • Burkina Faso+226
  • Burundi+257
  • Cambodia+855
  • Cameroon+237
  • Canada+1
  • Cape Verde+238
  • Caribbean Netherlands+599
  • Cayman Islands+1
  • Central African Republic+236
  • Chad+235
  • Chile+56
  • China+86
  • Christmas Island+61
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands+61
  • Colombia+57
  • Comoros+269
  • Congo - Brazzaville+242
  • Congo - Kinshasa+243
  • Cook Islands+682
  • Costa Rica+506
  • Croatia+385
  • Cuba+53
  • Curaçao+599
  • Cyprus+357
  • Czechia+420
  • Côte d’Ivoire+225
  • Denmark+45
  • Djibouti+253
  • Dominica+1
  • Dominican Republic+1
  • Ecuador+593
  • Egypt+20
  • El Salvador+503
  • Equatorial Guinea+240
  • Eritrea+291
  • Estonia+372
  • Eswatini+268
  • Ethiopia+251
  • Falkland Islands+500
  • Faroe Islands+298
  • Fiji+679
  • Finland+358
  • France+33
  • French Guiana+594
  • French Polynesia+689
  • Gabon+241
  • Gambia+220
  • Georgia+995
  • Germany+49
  • Ghana+233
  • Gibraltar+350
  • Greece+30
  • Greenland+299
  • Grenada+1
  • Guadeloupe+590
  • Guam+1
  • Guatemala+502
  • Guernsey+44
  • Guinea+224
  • Guinea-Bissau+245
  • Guyana+592
  • Haiti+509
  • Honduras+504
  • Hong Kong SAR China+852
  • Hungary+36
  • Iceland+354
  • India+91
  • Indonesia+62
  • Iran+98
  • Iraq+964
  • Ireland+353
  • Isle of Man+44
  • Israel+972
  • Italy+39
  • Jamaica+1
  • Japan+81
  • Jersey+44
  • Jordan+962
  • Kazakhstan+7
  • Kenya+254
  • Kiribati+686
  • Kosovo+383
  • Kuwait+965
  • Kyrgyzstan+996
  • Laos+856
  • Latvia+371
  • Lebanon+961
  • Lesotho+266
  • Liberia+231
  • Libya+218
  • Liechtenstein+423
  • Lithuania+370
  • Luxembourg+352
  • Macao SAR China+853
  • Madagascar+261
  • Malawi+265
  • Malaysia+60
  • Maldives+960
  • Mali+223
  • Malta+356
  • Marshall Islands+692
  • Martinique+596
  • Mauritania+222
  • Mauritius+230
  • Mayotte+262
  • Mexico+52
  • Micronesia+691
  • Moldova+373
  • Monaco+377
  • Mongolia+976
  • Montenegro+382
  • Montserrat+1
  • Morocco+212
  • Mozambique+258
  • Myanmar (Burma)+95
  • Namibia+264
  • Nauru+674
  • Nepal+977
  • Netherlands+31
  • New Caledonia+687
  • New Zealand+64
  • Nicaragua+505
  • Niger+227
  • Nigeria+234
  • Niue+683
  • Norfolk Island+672
  • North Korea+850
  • North Macedonia+389
  • Northern Mariana Islands+1
  • Norway+47
  • Oman+968
  • Pakistan+92
  • Palau+680
  • Palestinian Territories+970
  • Panama+507
  • Papua New Guinea+675
  • Paraguay+595
  • Peru+51
  • Philippines+63
  • Poland+48
  • Portugal+351
  • Puerto Rico+1
  • Qatar+974
  • Romania+40
  • Russia+7
  • Rwanda+250
  • Réunion+262
  • Samoa+685
  • San Marino+378
  • Saudi Arabia+966
  • Senegal+221
  • Serbia+381
  • Seychelles+248
  • Sierra Leone+232
  • Singapore+65
  • Sint Maarten+1
  • Slovakia+421
  • Slovenia+386
  • Solomon Islands+677
  • Somalia+252
  • South Africa+27
  • South Korea+82
  • South Sudan+211
  • Spain+34
  • Sri Lanka+94
  • St. Barthélemy+590
  • St. Helena+290
  • St. Kitts & Nevis+1
  • St. Lucia+1
  • St. Martin+590
  • St. Pierre & Miquelon+508
  • St. Vincent & Grenadines+1
  • Sudan+249
  • Suriname+597
  • Svalbard & Jan Mayen+47
  • Sweden+46
  • Switzerland+41
  • Syria+963
  • São Tomé & Príncipe+239
  • Taiwan+886
  • Tajikistan+992
  • Tanzania+255
  • Thailand+66
  • Timor-Leste+670
  • Togo+228
  • Tokelau+690
  • Tonga+676
  • Trinidad & Tobago+1
  • Tunisia+216
  • Turkey+90
  • Turkmenistan+993
  • Turks & Caicos Islands+1
  • Tuvalu+688
  • U.S. Virgin Islands+1
  • Uganda+256
  • Ukraine+380
  • United Arab Emirates+971
  • United Kingdom+44
  • United States+1
  • Uruguay+598
  • Uzbekistan+998
  • Vanuatu+678
  • Vatican City+39
  • Venezuela+58
  • Vietnam+84
  • Wallis & Futuna+681
  • Western Sahara+212
  • Yemen+967
  • Zambia+260
  • Zimbabwe+263
  • Åland Islands+358
Please provide as much detail to ensure appropriate allocation of your query
Please highlight a realistic time frame that will enable us to provide advice within a suitable and timely manner. Please note given conflicting demands with our senior personnel, we will endeavour to respond to you within the nominated time frame. If you require an urgent response, please contact us on 03 8610 5477.
CPN Enquiry
  • United States+1
  • United Kingdom+44
  • Afghanistan+93
  • Albania+355
  • Algeria+213
  • American Samoa+1
  • Andorra+376
  • Angola+244
  • Anguilla+1
  • Antigua & Barbuda+1
  • Argentina+54
  • Armenia+374
  • Aruba+297
  • Ascension Island+247
  • Australia+61
  • Austria+43
  • Azerbaijan+994
  • Bahamas+1
  • Bahrain+973
  • Bangladesh+880
  • Barbados+1
  • Belarus+375
  • Belgium+32
  • Belize+501
  • Benin+229
  • Bermuda+1
  • Bhutan+975
  • Bolivia+591
  • Bosnia & Herzegovina+387
  • Botswana+267
  • Brazil+55
  • British Indian Ocean Territory+246
  • British Virgin Islands+1
  • Brunei+673
  • Bulgaria+359
  • Burkina Faso+226
  • Burundi+257
  • Cambodia+855
  • Cameroon+237
  • Canada+1
  • Cape Verde+238
  • Caribbean Netherlands+599
  • Cayman Islands+1
  • Central African Republic+236
  • Chad+235
  • Chile+56
  • China+86
  • Christmas Island+61
  • Cocos (Keeling) Islands+61
  • Colombia+57
  • Comoros+269
  • Congo - Brazzaville+242
  • Congo - Kinshasa+243
  • Cook Islands+682
  • Costa Rica+506
  • Croatia+385
  • Cuba+53
  • Curaçao+599
  • Cyprus+357
  • Czechia+420
  • Côte d’Ivoire+225
  • Denmark+45
  • Djibouti+253
  • Dominica+1
  • Dominican Republic+1
  • Ecuador+593
  • Egypt+20
  • El Salvador+503
  • Equatorial Guinea+240
  • Eritrea+291
  • Estonia+372
  • Eswatini+268
  • Ethiopia+251
  • Falkland Islands+500
  • Faroe Islands+298
  • Fiji+679
  • Finland+358
  • France+33
  • French Guiana+594
  • French Polynesia+689
  • Gabon+241
  • Gambia+220
  • Georgia+995
  • Germany+49
  • Ghana+233
  • Gibraltar+350
  • Greece+30
  • Greenland+299
  • Grenada+1
  • Guadeloupe+590
  • Guam+1
  • Guatemala+502
  • Guernsey+44
  • Guinea+224
  • Guinea-Bissau+245
  • Guyana+592
  • Haiti+509
  • Honduras+504
  • Hong Kong SAR China+852
  • Hungary+36
  • Iceland+354
  • India+91
  • Indonesia+62
  • Iran+98
  • Iraq+964
  • Ireland+353
  • Isle of Man+44
  • Israel+972
  • Italy+39
  • Jamaica+1
  • Japan+81
  • Jersey+44
  • Jordan+962
  • Kazakhstan+7
  • Kenya+254
  • Kiribati+686
  • Kosovo+383
  • Kuwait+965
  • Kyrgyzstan+996
  • Laos+856
  • Latvia+371
  • Lebanon+961
  • Lesotho+266
  • Liberia+231
  • Libya+218
  • Liechtenstein+423
  • Lithuania+370
  • Luxembourg+352
  • Macao SAR China+853
  • Madagascar+261
  • Malawi+265
  • Malaysia+60
  • Maldives+960
  • Mali+223
  • Malta+356
  • Marshall Islands+692
  • Martinique+596
  • Mauritania+222
  • Mauritius+230
  • Mayotte+262
  • Mexico+52
  • Micronesia+691
  • Moldova+373
  • Monaco+377
  • Mongolia+976
  • Montenegro+382
  • Montserrat+1
  • Morocco+212
  • Mozambique+258
  • Myanmar (Burma)+95
  • Namibia+264
  • Nauru+674
  • Nepal+977
  • Netherlands+31
  • New Caledonia+687
  • New Zealand+64
  • Nicaragua+505
  • Niger+227
  • Nigeria+234
  • Niue+683
  • Norfolk Island+672
  • North Korea+850
  • North Macedonia+389
  • Northern Mariana Islands+1
  • Norway+47
  • Oman+968
  • Pakistan+92
  • Palau+680
  • Palestinian Territories+970
  • Panama+507
  • Papua New Guinea+675
  • Paraguay+595
  • Peru+51
  • Philippines+63
  • Poland+48
  • Portugal+351
  • Puerto Rico+1
  • Qatar+974
  • Romania+40
  • Russia+7
  • Rwanda+250
  • Réunion+262
  • Samoa+685
  • San Marino+378
  • Saudi Arabia+966
  • Senegal+221
  • Serbia+381
  • Seychelles+248
  • Sierra Leone+232
  • Singapore+65
  • Sint Maarten+1
  • Slovakia+421
  • Slovenia+386
  • Solomon Islands+677
  • Somalia+252
  • South Africa+27
  • South Korea+82
  • South Sudan+211
  • Spain+34
  • Sri Lanka+94
  • St. Barthélemy+590
  • St. Helena+290
  • St. Kitts & Nevis+1
  • St. Lucia+1
  • St. Martin+590
  • St. Pierre & Miquelon+508
  • St. Vincent & Grenadines+1
  • Sudan+249
  • Suriname+597
  • Svalbard & Jan Mayen+47
  • Sweden+46
  • Switzerland+41
  • Syria+963
  • São Tomé & Príncipe+239
  • Taiwan+886
  • Tajikistan+992
  • Tanzania+255
  • Thailand+66
  • Timor-Leste+670
  • Togo+228
  • Tokelau+690
  • Tonga+676
  • Trinidad & Tobago+1
  • Tunisia+216
  • Turkey+90
  • Turkmenistan+993
  • Turks & Caicos Islands+1
  • Tuvalu+688
  • U.S. Virgin Islands+1
  • Uganda+256
  • Ukraine+380
  • United Arab Emirates+971
  • United Kingdom+44
  • United States+1
  • Uruguay+598
  • Uzbekistan+998
  • Vanuatu+678
  • Vatican City+39
  • Venezuela+58
  • Vietnam+84
  • Wallis & Futuna+681
  • Western Sahara+212
  • Yemen+967
  • Zambia+260
  • Zimbabwe+263
  • Åland Islands+358
Business Radar 2024
Dealmakers 2025
Tax Facts 2024-25
Search by industry